一.linux与windows的区别： 1.linux严格区别大小写 2.linux中所有内容皆文件，包括硬件 3.linux不靠扩展名区分文件类型 4.Windows下的程序不能直接在linux中直接安装和运行 二.字符界面的优势： 1.占用的系统的资源更少 2.减少出错和攻击 三.分区类型 主分区：最多只能有四个 扩展分区： 最多只能有一个 主分区加扩展分区最多有四个 不能写入数据，只能包括逻辑分区（逻辑分区只能有23个） 格式化：写入文件系统...
打包压缩与搜索命令 1.tar命令 tar 命令用于对文件进行打包压缩或解压,格式为“tar [选项] [文件]”参数 作用-c 创建压缩文件-x 解开压缩文件-t 查看压缩包内有哪些文件-z 用Gzip压缩或解压-j 用bzip2压缩或解压-v 显示压缩或解压的过程-f 目标文件名-p 保留原始的权限与属性-P 使用绝对路径来压缩-C 指定解压到的目录一般使用“tar -czvf 压缩包名称.tar.gz 要打包的目录”命令把指定的文件进行打包压缩;相应的解压命令为“tar -x...
1.1 Listing files and directories ls (list) When you first login, your current working directory is your home directory. Your home directory has the same name as your user-name, for example, ee91ab, and it is where your personal files and subdirectories are saved. To find out what is in your home directory, type % ls The ls command ( lowercase L and lowercase S ) lists the contents of your current...
2.1 Copying Files cp (copy) 复制 cp file1 file2 -- is the command which makes a copy of file1 in the current working directory and calls it file2 What we are going to do now, is to take a file stored in an open access area of the file system, and use the cp command to copy it to your unixstuff directory. First, cd to your unixstuff directory. % cd ~/unixstuff Then at the UNIX prompt, type, % cp /v...
3.1 Redirection Most processes initiated by UNIX commands write to the standard output (that is, they write to the terminal screen), and many take their input from the standard input (that is, they read it from the keyboard). There is also the standard error, where processes write their error messages, by default, to the terminal screen. We have already seen one use of the cat command to write t...
4.1 Wildcards The * wildcard The character * is called a wildcard, and will match against none or more character(s) in a file (or directory) name. For example, in your unixstuff directory, type % ls list* This will list all files in the current directory starting with list.... Try typing % ls *list This will list all files in the current directory ending with ....list The ? wildcard The character ...
5.1 File system security (access rights) In your unixstuff directory, type % ls -l (l for long listing!) You will see that you now get lots of details about the contents of your directory, similar to the example below.Each file (and directory) has associated access rights, which may be found by typing ls -l. Also, ls -lg gives additional information as to which group owns the file (beng95 in the f...
Other useful UNIX commands quota All students are allocated a certain amount of disk space on the file system for their personal files, usually about 100Mb. If you go over your quota, you are given 7 days to remove excess files. To check your current quota and how much of it you have used, type % quota -v df The df command reports on the space left on the file system. For example, to find out ho...
7.1 Compiling UNIX software packages We have many public domain and commercial software packages installed on our systems, which are available to all users. However, students are allowed to download and install small software packages in their own home directory, software usually only useful to them personally. There are a number of steps needed to install the software.Locate and download the so...
8.1 UNIX Variables Variables are a way of passing information from the shell to programs when you run them. Programs look "in the environment" for particular variables and if they are found will use the values stored. Some are set by the system, others by you, yet others by the shell, or any program that loads another program. Standard UNIX variables are split into two categories, environment vari...
一、分段机制 1、分段机制的原理图2、段选择子3、段偏移量例如，我们将上面的虚拟空间分成以下 4 个段，用 0～3 来编号。每个段在段表中有一个项，在物理空间中，段的排列如下图的右边所示。 4、段表#define GDT_ENTRY_INIT(flags, base, limit) { { { .a = ((limit) & 0xffff) | (((base) & 0xffff) << 16), .b = (((base) & 0xff0000) >> 16) | (((flags) & 0xf0ff) << 8) | ((limit) & 0xf0000) | ((base) & 0xff000000...
题外话 在每天的网上冲浪中，一次无意间的点击，发现了linux就该这么学的网站，然后就看了一晚上，当时还是学生的我特别想要参加培训，可是碍于眼前的经济状况，只得将这个想法深深的藏在了心里，并加了一下网站的qq学习交流群，我当时加得还是比较早，是一个G群，现在已经有三十多个群了。后来也没有再去想过这方面的事情，因为工作中并没有用到linux系统，也就没有学习这个的动力，只是从网上了解到这是一个服务器的操作系统罢了...
Linux就该这么学 第八天——学习笔记 Linux里一切都是文件 Linux系统中的一切文件都是从“根（/）”目录开始的，并按照文件系统层次化标准（FHS）采用树形结构来存放文件，以及定义了常见目录的用途。目录名称 应放置文件的内容/boot 开机所需文件—内核、开机菜单以及所需配置文件等/dev 以文件形式存放任何设备与接口/etc 配置文件/home 用户主目录/bin 存放单用户模式下还可以操作的命令/lib 开机时用到的函数库，以及/bin与/sb...
目录 文件目录基本属性 查看文件基本属性 权限字段 文件，目录在文件系统下的数据格式 文件，目录权限对应操作的理解修改文件，目录属性 参考 文件目录基本属性 查看文件基本属性使用ls -al 可以查看一个目录下所有文件，子目录的属性$ ls -al total 16 drwxr-xr-x 3 lifan lifan 4096 5月 9 15:40 . drwx------ 37 lifan lifan 4096 5月 9 22:18 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 lifan lifan 4096 5月 9 15:40 tmp -rw-r--r-- 1 lifan l...
tail :输出文件的最后几行。 用于linux查看日志的时候很方便，假如日志文件为：Console.log用法：1. tail Console.logtail # 输出文件最后10行的内容 2. tail -f Console.logtail -f # 输出最后10行内容，同时监视文件的改变，只要文件有一变化就显示出来。 3. tail -nf Console.log --n为最后n行tail -nf # 输出文件最后n行的内容，同时监视文件的改变，只要文件有一变化就同步刷新并显示出来 4. tail -n 10 filenametail ...