安装并配置多实例MySQL数据库

  MySQL是一种关系型数据库管理系统，将数据库保存在不同的表中，再将这些表放入不同的库中，而不是将所有数据统一放在一个大仓库中。

2.MySQL多实例介绍

2.1概念

  在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的服务器端口，同时运行多个MySQL服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供服务。

2.2作用

  1）有效利用服务器资源

  2）节约服务器资源

2.3应用场景

  1）资金紧张型的公司选择

  2）并发访问不是特别大的业务

  3）门户网站应用MySQL多实例场景

3.系统环境

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 

[root@Cobbler ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

[root@Cobbler ~]# getenforce 

Disabled

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service 

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)

   Active: inactive (dead)

[root@Cobbler ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 10.0.0.202/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fd6/64 scope link 

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:e0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 172.16.1.202/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fe0/64 scope link 

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.安装MySQL数据库（MySQL数据库版本：5.6.36）

4.1安装依赖包

[root@Cobbler ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf git make cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel

4.2修改/tmp的权限

[root@Cobbler ~]# chmod 1777 /tmp

4.3创建软件目录

[root@Cobbler ~]# mkdir -p /server/tools

4.4下载MySQL软件包

[root@Cobbler tools]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz

4.5编译安装

[root@Cobbler mysql-5.6.36]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.36 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 && make && make install

4.6创建管理用户

[root@Cobbler tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

4.7创建软链接

[root@Cobbler tools]# ln  -s /application/mysql-5.6.36 /application/mysql

4.8修改/application。mysql/data的管理用户

[root@Cobbler tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data/

4.9初始化数据库

[root@Cobbler tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

4.10创建MySQL的配置文件

[root@Cobbler tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

4.11创建MySQL的启动文件

[root@Cobbler tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@Cobbler tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

4.12优化数据库操作

[root@Cobbler tools]# echo 'export=/ PATHapplication/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile

[root@Cobbler tools]# . /etc/profile

4.13这时启动数据库，会报错（源于-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock）

mkdir /application/mysql/tmp

chown -R mysql.mysql /application/tmp

4.14启动服务

5.部署MySQL数据库多实例

5.1创建多实例目录

[root@Cobbler ~]# mkdir -p /data/330{7,8,9}

5.2初始化（有多少多实例数据库，初始化多少次）

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308

[root@Cobbler ~]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3309

5.3修改MySQL多实例的配置文件

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3307/my.cnf 

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3307

socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3307

port=3307

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3308/my.cnf 

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3308

socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3308

port=3308

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /data/3309/my.cnf 

[mysqld]

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/data/3309

socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock

log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log

log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

skip_name_resolve=1

server_id=3309

port=3309

5.4启动多实例

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf &

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf &

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf &

5.5登入数据库

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock

[root@Cobbler ~]# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock

原文：http://blog.51cto.com/13520761/2096669