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windows GDI和GDI+对比小结

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内容图文

        目录结构
windows
        

        1.windows hello world。
        

        2.windows程序消息队列机制。
GDI
1.画一个点。
2.设备环境DC。
3.画线、矩形、圆角矩形、椭圆。
4.画笔。
5.画刷。
6.GDI对象还原。
GDI+
1.使用GDI+。
2.GDI和GDI+绘制对比。
3.GDI+渐变填充、位图填充。
内存DC

            微软Windows子系统负责在称为图形设备接口（Graphics Device Interface, GDI）的视频显示器和打印机上显示图形。 

                                                                  ——《Windows程序设计（第五版）》

GDI+是早期Windows版本中包括的图形设备接口GDI的继任者。GDI+将GDI的很多功能进行了优化，而且提供了新的附加功能。

——《精通GDI+编程》

1.windows程序运行hello world。只需要在vs下新建一个空项目，输入以下代码，即可出现hello world。

                
                     1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54     TCHAR text[30];
55switch (msg)
56    {
57case WM_CREATE:
58return0;
59case WM_PAINT:
60         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
61         TextOut(hdc, 100, 100, text, wsprintf(text, TEXT("HELLO WORLD")));
62         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
63return0;
64case WM_DESTROY:
65         PostQuitMessage(0);
66return0;
67    }
68return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
69 }

windows hello world

2.windows程序的运行本质是消息队列机制。

                
                    1
                    MSG msg;

                    2
                    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
3    {
4         TranslateMessage(&msg);
5         DispatchMessage(&msg);
6     }

windows程序消息队列

windows程序不停地检测消息队列中是否有新的消息，

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))，若消息队列中没有消息，则程序会阻塞；

若消息队列中有消息：

对于所有非WM_QUIT消息，GetMessage函数都将返回非零值，

而对WM_QUIT消息，GetMessage将返回0，则退出消息循环。

在此模型中，其实有两个队列。

一个是操作系统队列，事件发生时（比如按键盘的某个键），在操作系统的队列会插入一个相应的事件消息。

接着操作系统队列会把此消息传递给windows程序的消息队列。

GDI

1.首先我们往窗口上画一个点。

                
                     1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54switch (msg)
55    {
56case WM_CREATE:
57return0;
58case WM_PAINT:
59         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
60         SetPixel(hdc, 400, 400, 0x000000ff);
61         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
62return0;
63case WM_DESTROY:
64         PostQuitMessage(0);
65return0;
66    }
67return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
68 }

往屏幕上画一个红点

核心GDI函数是SetPixel，函数的参数列表依次是设备环境句柄，x，y坐标和颜色。

这里颜色是一个DWORD的数值。（0x00bbggrr，从右往左依次为rgb值，如红色是0x000000ff）

                
                    1
                    COLORREF SetPixel(

                    2
                      HDC hdc, 

                    3
                    int
                     X, 

                    4
                    int
                     Y, 

                    5
                      COLORREF crColor

                    6 );

SetPixel原型

2.设备环境DC

SetPixel写在WM_PAINT消息的处理中，WM_PAINT处理处有成对出现的

hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

// other code

EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);

这便是使用GDI函数时必经的一个步骤，获取设备环境句柄（HDC），可见GDI函数的参数列表中都有一个HDC。

除了在WM_PAINT中的BeginPaint和EndPaint，在非WM_PAINT消息中获取DC的常用方式还有：

hdc = GetDC(hwnd);

// other code

ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);

比如点击鼠标的时候画一个红点，此操作不在WM_PAINT消息中处理，在WM_LBUTTONDOWN消息中处理：

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54int x = 0, y = 0;
55switch (msg)
56    {
57case WM_CREATE:
58return0;
59case WM_PAINT:
60         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
61// SetPixel(hdc, 400, 400, 0x000000ff);62         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
63return0;
64case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
65         hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
66         x = LOWORD(lParam);
67         y = HIWORD(lParam);
68         SetPixel(hdc, x, y, 0x000000ff);
69        ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
70return0;
71case WM_DESTROY:
72         PostQuitMessage(0);
73return0;
74    }
75return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
76 }

鼠标点击画一个红点

有了以上的基础，接着可以来看下一些画线的GDI函数：

3.画线、矩形、圆角矩形、椭圆。

画直线MoveToEx，LineTo：

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
55switch (msg)
56    {
57case WM_CREATE:
58return0;
59case WM_SIZE:
60         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
61         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
62return0;
63case WM_PAINT:
64         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
65         MoveToEx(hdc, 0, cyClient / 2, NULL);
66         LineTo(hdc, cxClient, cyClient / 2);
67         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
68return0;
69case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
70return0;
71case WM_DESTROY:
72         PostQuitMessage(0);
73return0;
74    }
75return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
76 }

屏幕中间画一条线

画一个由多个点的数组组成的折线PolyLine：

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 #include <math.h>
 3 4LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 5 6int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 7     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 8{
 910     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
11    WNDCLASS wndclass;
12     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
13     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
14     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
16     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
17     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
18     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
19     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
20     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
21     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2223if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
24    {
25         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
26return0;
27    }
2829     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
30         TEXT("Hello"),
31        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
34        NULL,
35        NULL,
36        hInstance,
37        NULL);
3839    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
40    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4142    MSG msg;
43while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
44    {
45         TranslateMessage(&msg);
46         DispatchMessage(&msg);
47    }
48return msg.wParam;
49}
5051LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
52{
53    HDC hdc;
54    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
55staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
56conststaticint NUM = 1000;
57conststaticfloat TWOPI = 2 * 3.1415926;
58    POINT apt[NUM];
59switch (msg)
60    {
61case WM_CREATE:
62return0;
63case WM_SIZE:
64         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
65         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
66return0;
67case WM_PAINT:
68         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
69         MoveToEx(hdc, 0, cyClient / 2, NULL);
70         LineTo(hdc, cxClient, cyClient / 2);
7172for (int i = 0; i < NUM; ++i)
73        {
74             apt[i].x = i * cxClient / NUM;
75             apt[i].y = (int)(cyClient / 2 * (1 - sin(TWOPI * i / NUM)));
76        }
7778        Polyline(hdc, apt, NUM);
79         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
80return0;
81case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
82return0;
83case WM_DESTROY:
84         PostQuitMessage(0);
85return0;
86    }
87return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
88 }

画一个正弦曲线

画一个矩形Rectangle，圆角矩形RoundRect，椭圆Ellipse：

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
55switch (msg)
56    {
57case WM_CREATE:
58return0;
59case WM_SIZE:
60         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
61         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
62return0;
63case WM_PAINT:
64         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
6566         Rectangle(hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8);
67         Ellipse(hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8);
68         RoundRect(hdc, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4, 3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4);
6970         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
71return0;
72case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
73return0;
74case WM_DESTROY:
75         PostQuitMessage(0);
76return0;
77    }
78return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
79 }

矩形，圆角矩形，椭圆

还有其余的用法都是类似，有需要去查msdn就行。

4.画笔

前面画线使用的都是默认的画笔。Windows提供了三种备用画笔：WHITE_PEN，BLACK_PEN，NULL_PEN。

如果想要其他类型的画笔，则需要自己创建，使用CreatePen或CreatePenIndirect。

还是前面的画矩形、画圆角矩形、画椭圆的例子。这次用绿色的虚线来画。

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
55static HPEN hPen;
56switch (msg)
57    {
58case WM_CREATE:
59return0;
60case WM_SIZE:
61         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
62         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
63return0;
64case WM_PAINT:
65         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
66         hPen = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, 0x0000ff00);
67        SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
68         Rectangle(hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8);
69         Ellipse(hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8);
70         RoundRect(hdc, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4, 3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4);
71        DeleteObject(hPen);
72         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
73return0;
74case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
75return0;
76case WM_DESTROY:
77         PostQuitMessage(0);
78return0;
79    }
80return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
81 }

绿色虚线

创建了画笔要记得删除画笔。

hPen = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, 0x0000ff00);
SelectObject(hdc, hPen);

// other code

DeleteObject(hPen);

5.画刷。

前面类似圆角矩形的区域，用到的画刷都是默认的画刷。Windows提供了6种备用画刷。

如果想要给一片区域填充某一种颜色，比如一片绿色的圆角矩形区域。此时用到画刷。

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 3LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 4 5int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 6     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
 7{
 8 9     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
10    WNDCLASS wndclass;
11     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
12     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
13     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
14     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
15     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
16     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
17     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
18     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
19     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
20     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2122if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
23    {
24         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
25return0;
26    }
2728     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
29         TEXT("Hello"),
30        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
31        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
32        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
33        NULL,
34        NULL,
35        hInstance,
36        NULL);
3738    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
39    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4041    MSG msg;
42while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
43    {
44         TranslateMessage(&msg);
45         DispatchMessage(&msg);
46    }
47return msg.wParam;
48}
4950LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
51{
52    HDC hdc;
53    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
54staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
55static HBRUSH hBrush;
56switch (msg)
57    {
58case WM_CREATE:
59return0;
60case WM_SIZE:
61         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
62         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
63return0;
64case WM_PAINT:
65         hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
66         hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(0x0000ff00);
67        SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
68         RoundRect(hdc, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4, 3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4, cxClient / 4, cyClient / 4);
69        DeleteObject(hBrush);
70         EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
71return0;
72case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
73return0;
74case WM_DESTROY:
75         PostQuitMessage(0);
76return0;
77    }
78return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
79 }

填充绿色的圆角矩形

注意到也使用了SelectObject这个函数，此时可以把GDI对象关联到设备。

一个程序可以创建6个GDI对象，分别是画笔，画刷，位图，区域，字体和调色板。

6.还原GDI对象。

当使用了一种新的GDI对象后，希望还原原有的GDI环境，应该如何做呢？

SelectObject返回值是旧的GDI对象，因此可以设置新GDI对象的时候将旧的GDI对象记录下来。

HPen hOldPen = (HPen)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);

最后删除新GDI环境之前，再把旧的GDI对象选入环境。

SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);

GDI+

GDI+用一个“无状态模型”取代了GDI种把选中项目放到设备环境（DC）对象上的“状态模型”，

在GDI+种的每一个绘图操作都是相互独立的。图形对象（Graphics object）是绘图操作种唯一保留的对象。

1.使用GDI+的方法。

1)头文件引入#include <gdiplus.h>。

2)项目附加依赖项gdiplus.lib。

3)在程序开始时初始化GDI+环境。

ULONG_PTR uToken = 0;
GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
GdiplusStartup(&uToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);

4)在程序结束时释放GDI+环境。

GdiplusShutdown(uToken);

2.GDI和GDI+的绘制对比。

有了以上的准备，直接来看画一条线的方法：

                 1 #include <Windows.h>
 2 #include <gdiplus.h>
 3 4usingnamespace Gdiplus;
 5 6LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
 7 8int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 9     PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
10{
1112     ULONG_PTR uToken = 0;
13    GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
14     GdiplusStartup(&uToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);
1516     TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Hello");
17    WNDCLASS wndclass;
18     wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
19     wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
20     wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
21     wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
22     wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
23     wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
24     wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
25     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
26     wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
27     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
2829if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
30    {
31         MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("error"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
32return0;
33    }
3435     HWND hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
36         TEXT("Hello"),
37        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
38        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
39        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
40        NULL,
41        NULL,
42        hInstance,
43        NULL);
4445    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
46    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
4748    MSG msg;
49while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
50    {
51         TranslateMessage(&msg);
52         DispatchMessage(&msg);
53    }
5455    GdiplusShutdown(uToken);
56return msg.wParam;
57}
5859LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
60{
61    HDC hdc;
62    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
63staticint cxClient = 0, cyClient = 0;
6465switch (msg)
66    {
67case WM_CREATE:
68return0;
69case WM_SIZE:
70         cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
71         cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
72return0;
73case WM_PAINT:
74        {
75             hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
76            Graphics graphics(hdc);
77             Pen greenPen(Color(255, 0, 255, 0));
78             graphics.DrawLine(&greenPen, 0, cyClient / 2, cxClient, cyClient / 2);
7980             EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
81        }
82return0;
83case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
84return0;
85case WM_DESTROY:
86         PostQuitMessage(0);
87return0;
88    }
899091return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
92 }

GDI+画线

Graphics graphics(hdc);
Pen greenPen(Color(255, 0, 255, 0));
graphics.DrawLine(&greenPen, 0, cyClient / 2, cxClient, cyClient / 2);

无需再像GDI一样，将画笔选入设备环境，而是直接用Graphics对象的对应函数，画笔也是函数的一个参数。

为了让代码更清晰，把画线、画矩形单独写成一个函数，传入一个hdc。

以下是使用GDI绘制和使用GDI+绘制的各种对比。

                 1
                void
                 paintLine(HDC hdc)

                 2
                {

                 3
                //
                 GDI
                 4     HPEN hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, 0x0000ff00);
 5     HPEN hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
 6     MoveToEx(hdc, 0, cyClient / 2, NULL);
 7     LineTo(hdc, cxClient, cyClient / 2);
 8    DeleteObject(hPen);
 9    SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
1011// GDI+12    Graphics graphics(hdc);
13     Pen greenPen(Color(255, 0, 255, 0));
14     graphics.DrawLine(&greenPen, 0, cyClient / 2, cxClient, cyClient / 2);
15 }

GDI和GDI+画线区别

                 1
                void
                 paintRec(HDC hdc)

                 2
                {

                 3
                //
                 GDI
                 4     HBRUSH hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(0x0000ff00);
 5     HBRUSH hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
 6 7     Rectangle(hdc, cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8);
 8 9    DeleteObject(hBrush);
10    SelectObject(hdc, hOldBrush);
1112// GDI+13    Graphics graphics(hdc);
14     Pen blackPen(Color(255, 0, 0, 0));
15     SolidBrush greenBrush(Color(255, 0, 255, 0));
16     graphics.DrawRectangle(&blackPen, Rect(cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8, 6 * cxClient / 8, 6 * cyClient / 8));
17     graphics.FillRectangle(&greenBrush, Rect(cxClient / 8 + 1, cyClient / 8 + 1, 6 * cxClient / 8 - 1, 6 * cyClient / 8 - 1));
18 }

GDI和GDI+画矩形区别

GDI+绘制矩形的后两个参数是高度、宽度和GDI的决定坐标有区别。

另外GDI+填充用的是Fill系列的函数，想要达到和GDI一样的效果需要考虑边框的一个像素。

3.GDI+的渐变画刷。

GDI+实现了一个渐变画刷，这在GDI是没有的。

                1
                Graphics graphics(hdc);

                2 LinearGradientBrush linearBrush(Point(cxClient / 8, cyClient / 8), Point(7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8), Color(255, 0, 0, 255), Color(255, 255, 0, 0));
3 graphics.FillRectangle(&linearBrush, Rect(cxClient / 8 + 1, cyClient / 8 + 1, 6 * cxClient / 8 - 1, 6 * cyClient / 8 - 1));

左上角到右下角的颜色渐变

内存DC

当需要绘制的图形、位图过多时，屏幕可能出现闪烁问题。

原因是WM_PAINT消息中每次绘制都是直接往目标DC绘制，有大量操作。

可以首先创建一个内存DC，一个位图选入此内存DC，所需绘制的内容先在新建的内存DC中绘制，再最后一次拷贝到目标DC。

此操作可称为双缓冲。

                 1 HDC hMemDc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
 2 HBITMAP hbitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cxClient, cyClient);
 3 HBITMAP hOldBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemDc, hbitmap);
 4 5// paint code 6paintLine(hMemDc);
 7paintRec(hMemDc);
 8paintEllipse(hMemDc);
 9paintRoundRec(hMemDc);
1011 BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, cxClient, cyClient, hMemDc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
12SelectObject(hMemDc, hOldBitmap);
13DeleteObject(hbitmap);
14 DeleteDC(hMemDc);

双缓冲、内存DC解决闪烁

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/yao2yaoblog/p/13208639.html

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