《软件测试自动化之道》读书笔记 之 基于反射的UI测试
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《软件测试自动化之道》读书笔记 之 基于反射的UI测试
2014-09-24
测试自动化程序的任务
待测程序
测试程序
启动待测程序
设置窗体的属性
获取窗体的属性
设置控件的属性
获取控件的属性
方法调用
待测程序代码
测试自动化程序的任务
基于反射的ui测试自动化程序，要完成的6项任务：
- 通过某种方式从测试套件程序中运行待测程序（AUT: Applicaton Under Test），以便于两个程序之间进行通信
- 操纵应用程序的窗体，从而模拟用户对窗体所实施的moving和resizing操作
- 检查应用程序窗体，确定应用程序的状态是否准确
- 操纵应用程序控件的属性，从而模拟用户的一些操作，比如模拟在一个TextBox控件里输入字符
- 检查应用程序控件的属性，确定应用程序的状态是否准确
- 调用应用程序的方法，从而模拟一些用户操作，比如模拟单击一个按钮
待测程序
AUT是一个剪刀、石头、布的猜拳软件，当点击button1时，会在listbox中显示谁是胜者。
图1 待测程序GUI
AUT代码如下：
1
using
System;
2
using
System.Collections.Generic;
3
using
System.ComponentModel;
4
using
System.Data;
5
using
System.Drawing;
6
using
System.Linq;
7
using
System.Text;
8
using
System.Windows.Forms;
9
10
namespace
AUT
11
{
12
public
partial
class
Form1 : Form
13
{
14
public
Form1()
15
{
16
InitializeComponent();
17
}
18
19
private
void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
20 {
21string tb = textBox1.Text;
22string cb = comboBox1.Text;
2324if (tb == cb)
25 listBox1.Items.Add("Result is a tie");
26elseif (tb == "paper" && cb == "rock" || tb == "rock" && cb == "scissors" || tb == "scissors" && cb == "paper")
27 listBox1.Items.Add("The TextBox wins");
28else29 listBox1.Items.Add("the ComboBox wins");
30 }
3132privatevoid Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
33 {
34this.textBox1.Text = this.comboBox1.Items[1].ToString();
35this.comboBox1.Text = this.comboBox1.Items[0].ToString();
36 }
3738privatevoid menuItem2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
39 {
40this.Close();
41 }
42 }
43 }
测试程序
启动待测程序
1
using
System;
2
3
using
System.Reflection;
4
using
System.Windows.Forms;
5
using
System.Threading;
6
7
8
static
void Main(string[] args)
9 {
10string formName = "AUT.Form1";
11string path = "..\\..\\..\\AUT\\bin\\Debug\\AUT.exe";
12 theForm = LaunchApp(path, formName);
1314//...15 }
1617static Form LaunchApp(string path, string formName)
18 {
19 Form result = null;
20 Assembly a = Assembly.LoadFrom(path);
21 Type t = a.GetType(formName);
22 result = (Form)a.CreateInstance(t.FullName);
23 AppState aps = new AppState(result);
24 ThreadStart ts = new ThreadStart(aps.RunApp);
25 Thread thread = new Thread(ts);
26 thread.Start();
27return result;
28 }
2930privateclass AppState
31 {
32publicreadonly Form formToRun;
33public AppState(Form f)
34 {
35this.formToRun = f;
36 }
37publicvoid RunApp()
38 {
39 Application.Run(formToRun);
40 }
41 }
要使用反射技术通过UI来测试Windows窗体，必须要在测试套件所在的进程内创建一个单独的线程来运行被测程序。这样，测试程序和被测程序就会在运行在同一进程里面，从而可以相互进行通信。
设置窗体的属性
1
static
void Main(string[] args)
2 {
3//...
4//移动窗体到指定位置 5 SetFormPropertyValue(theForm, "Location", pt);
6//... 7 }
8 9delegatevoid SetFormPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string propertyName, object newValue);
10staticvoid SetFormPropertyValue(Form f, string propertyName, object newValue)
11 {
12//true if the control‘s System.Windows.Forms.Control.Handle was created on
13// a different thread than the calling thread14if (f.InvokeRequired)
15 {
16 Delegate d = new SetFormPropertyValueHandler(SetFormPropertyValue);
17object[] o = newobject[] { f, propertyName, newValue };
18 f.Invoke(d, o);
19 are.WaitOne();
20 }
21else22 {
23 Type t = f.GetType();
24 PropertyInfo pi = t.GetProperty(propertyName);
25 pi.SetValue(f, newValue, null);
26 are.Set();
27 }
28 }
问题1：如果在测试程序中直接调用PropertyInfo.SetValue()会抛错："Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation."。这是因为，不是在窗体的主线程里调用，而是在自动化测试程序所创建的一个线程里调用。因此，我们用Form.Invoke()方法以间接的方式调用SetValue。间接的方式调用，就是用delegate对象调用SetValue()。见如下代码：
1 Delegate d = new SetFormPropertyValueHandler(SetFormPropertyValue);
2object[] o = newobject[] { f, propertyName, newValue };
3//f type is Form, in this case, is instance of AUT.Form14 f.Invoke(d, o);
问题2：假如测试套件触发了待测程序的某个方法，而这个方法直接或间接创建一个新的线程去执行。如果需要等新线程执行结束以后才能在测试套间里继续下一步操作，可用AutoResetEvent对象来进行同步。代码如下：
1
//
在类的作用域内定义如下对象，false参数意味着把这个对象出示初始化为未设置
2
static AutoResetEvent are = new AutoResetEvent(false);
34//这个语句把AutoResetEvent对象的值设为未设置，当前线程暂停执行，直到are.Set()语句把AutoResetEvent对象的值设为已设置5 are.WaitOne()
获取窗体的属性
1
delegate
object GetFormPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string propertyName);
2staticobject GetFormPropertyValue(Form f, string propertyName)
3 {
4if (f.InvokeRequired)
5 {
6 Delegate d = new SetFormPropertyValueHandler(SetFormPropertyValue);
7object[] o = newobject[] { f, propertyName };
8object iResult = f.Invoke(d, o);
9 are.WaitOne();
10return iResult;
11 }
12else13 {
14 Type t = f.GetType();
15 PropertyInfo pi = t.GetProperty(propertyName);
16object gResult = pi.GetValue(f, null);
17 are.Set();
18return gResult;
19 }
20 }
设置控件的属性
1
static
void Main(string[] args)
2 {
3//... 4 SetControlPropertyValue(theForm, "textBox1", "Text", "rock");
5//... 6 }
7 8delegatevoid SetControlPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName, object newValue);
9staticvoid SetControlPropertyValue(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName, object newValue)
10 {
11if (f.InvokeRequired)
12 {
13 Delegate d = new SetControlPropertyValueHandler(SetControlPropertyValue);
14object[] o = newobject[] { f, controlName, propertyName, newValue };
15 f.Invoke(d, o);
16 are.WaitOne();
17 }
18else19 {
20 Type t1 = f.GetType();
21 FieldInfo fi = t1.GetField(controlName, flags);
22object ctrl = fi.GetValue(f);
23 Type t2 = ctrl.GetType();
24 PropertyInfo pi = t2.GetProperty(propertyName);
25 pi.SetValue(ctrl, newValue, null);
26 are.Set();
27 }
28 }
BingFlags对象是用来过滤System.Reflection命名空间里许多不同类型的方法的。定义如下：
static BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public |
BindingFlags.NonPublic |
BindingFlags.Static |
BindingFlags.Instance;
获取控件的属性
1
static
void Main(string[] args)
2 {
3//... 4 ListBox.ObjectCollection oc = (ListBox.ObjectCollection)GetControlPropertyValue(theForm, "listBox1", "Items");
5string s = oc[0].ToString();
6if (s.IndexOf("TextBox wins") == -1)
7 pass = false;
8//... 9 }
1011delegateobject GetControlPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName);
12staticobject GetControlPropertyValue(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName)
13 {
14if (f.InvokeRequired)
15 {
16 Delegate d = new GetControlPropertyValueHandler(GetControlPropertyValue);
17object[] o = newobject[] { f, controlName, propertyName };
18object iResult = f.Invoke(d, o);
19 are.WaitOne();
20return iResult;
21 }
22else23 {
24 Type t1 = f.GetType();
25 FieldInfo fi = t1.GetField(controlName, flags);
26object ctrl = fi.GetValue(f);
27 Type t2 = ctrl.GetType();
28 PropertyInfo pi = t2.GetProperty(propertyName);
29object gResult = pi.GetValue(ctrl, null);
30 are.Set();
31return gResult;
32 }
方法调用
1
static
void Main(string[] args)
2 {
3//... 4object[] parms = newobject[] { null, EventArgs.Empty };
5 InvokeMethod(theForm, "button1_Click", parms);
6//... 7 }
8 9delegatevoid InvokeMethodHandler(Form f, string methodName, paramsobject[] parms);
10staticvoid InvokeMethod(Form f, string methodName, paramsobject[] parms)
11 {
12if (f.InvokeRequired)
13 {
14 Delegate d = new InvokeMethodHandler(InvokeMethod);
15 f.Invoke(d, newobject[] { f, methodName, parms });
16 are.WaitOne();
17 }
18else19 {
20 Type t = f.GetType();
21 MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodName, flags);
22 mi.Invoke(f, parms);
23 are.Set();
24 }
25 }
待测程序代码
1
//
Chapter 2 - Reflection-Based UI Testing
2
//
Example Program: ReflectionUITest
3
4
using
System;
5
using
System.Reflection;
6
using
System.Windows.Forms;
7
using
System.Threading;
8
using
System.Drawing;
9
10
namespace
ReflectionUITest
11
{
12
class
Class1
13
{
14
static BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public |
15 BindingFlags.NonPublic |
16 BindingFlags.Static |
17 BindingFlags.Instance;
18static AutoResetEvent are = new AutoResetEvent(false);
19 20 [STAThread]
21staticvoid Main(string[] args)
22 {
23try 24 {
25 Console.WriteLine("\nStarting test scenario");
26 Console.WriteLine("\nLaunching Form1");
27 Form theForm = null;
28string formName = "AUT.Form1";
29string path = "..\\..\\..\\AUT\\bin\\Debug\\AUT.exe";
30 theForm = LaunchApp(path, formName);
31 32 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
33 34 Console.WriteLine("\nMoving Form1");
35 Point pt = new Point(320, 100);
36 SetFormPropertyValue(theForm, "Location", pt);
37 38 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
39 40 Console.WriteLine("\nSetting textBox1 to ‘rock‘");
41 SetControlPropertyValue(theForm, "textBox1", "Text", "rock");
42 Console.WriteLine("Setting comboBox1 to ‘scissors‘");
43 SetControlPropertyValue(theForm, "comboBox1", "Text", "scissors");
44 45 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
46 47 Console.WriteLine("\nClicking button1");
48object[] parms = newobject[] { null, EventArgs.Empty };
49 InvokeMethod(theForm, "button1_Click", parms);
50 51bool pass = true;
52 53 Console.WriteLine("\nChecking listBox1 for ‘TextBox wins‘");
54 ListBox.ObjectCollection oc = (ListBox.ObjectCollection)GetControlPropertyValue(theForm, "listBox1", "Items");
55string s = oc[0].ToString();
56if (s.IndexOf("TextBox wins") == -1)
57 pass = false;
58 59if (pass)
60 Console.WriteLine("\n-- Scenario result = Pass --");
61else 62 Console.WriteLine("\n-- Scenario result = *FAIL* --");
63 64 Console.WriteLine("\nClicking File->Exit in 3 seconds");
65 Thread.Sleep(3000);
66 InvokeMethod(theForm, "menuItem2_Click", parms);
67 68 Console.WriteLine("\nEnd test scenario");
69 }
70catch (Exception ex)
71 {
72 Console.WriteLine("Fatal error: " + ex.Message);
73 }
74 Console.Read();
75 } // Main() 76 77static Form LaunchApp(string path, string formName)
78 {
79 Form result = null;
80 Assembly a = Assembly.LoadFrom(path);
81 Type t = a.GetType(formName);
82 result = (Form)a.CreateInstance(t.FullName);
83 AppState aps = new AppState(result);
84 ThreadStart ts = new ThreadStart(aps.RunApp);
85 Thread thread = new Thread(ts);
86 thread.Start();
87return result;
88 }
89privateclass AppState
90 {
91publicreadonly Form formToRun;
92public AppState(Form f)
93 {
94this.formToRun = f;
95 }
96publicvoid RunApp()
97 {
98 Application.Run(formToRun);
99 }
100 } // class AppState101102delegatevoid SetFormPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string propertyName, object newValue);
103staticvoid SetFormPropertyValue(Form f, string propertyName, object newValue)
104 {
105//true if the control‘s System.Windows.Forms.Control.Handle was created on
106// a different thread than the calling thread107if (f.InvokeRequired)
108 {
109 Delegate d = new SetFormPropertyValueHandler(SetFormPropertyValue);
110object[] o = newobject[] { f, propertyName, newValue };
111//f type is Form, in this case, is instance of AUT.Form1112 f.Invoke(d, o);
113 are.WaitOne();
114 }
115else116 {
117 Type t = f.GetType();
118 PropertyInfo pi = t.GetProperty(propertyName);
119 pi.SetValue(f, newValue, null);
120 are.Set();
121 }
122 }
123124delegateobject GetFormPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string propertyName);
125staticobject GetFormPropertyValue(Form f, string propertyName)
126 {
127if (f.InvokeRequired)
128 {
129 Delegate d = new SetFormPropertyValueHandler(SetFormPropertyValue);
130object[] o = newobject[] { f, propertyName };
131object iResult = f.Invoke(d, o);
132 are.WaitOne();
133return iResult;
134 }
135else136 {
137 Type t = f.GetType();
138 PropertyInfo pi = t.GetProperty(propertyName);
139object gResult = pi.GetValue(f, null);
140 are.Set();
141return gResult;
142 }
143 }
144145delegatevoid SetControlPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName, object newValue);
146staticvoid SetControlPropertyValue(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName, object newValue)
147 {
148if (f.InvokeRequired)
149 {
150 Delegate d = new SetControlPropertyValueHandler(SetControlPropertyValue);
151object[] o = newobject[] { f, controlName, propertyName, newValue };
152 f.Invoke(d, o);
153 are.WaitOne();
154 }
155else156 {
157 Type t1 = f.GetType();
158 FieldInfo fi = t1.GetField(controlName, flags);
159object ctrl = fi.GetValue(f);
160 Type t2 = ctrl.GetType();
161 PropertyInfo pi = t2.GetProperty(propertyName);
162 pi.SetValue(ctrl, newValue, null);
163 are.Set();
164 }
165 }
166167delegatevoid InvokeMethodHandler(Form f, string methodName, paramsobject[] parms);
168staticvoid InvokeMethod(Form f, string methodName, paramsobject[] parms)
169 {
170if (f.InvokeRequired)
171 {
172 Delegate d = new InvokeMethodHandler(InvokeMethod);
173 f.Invoke(d, newobject[] { f, methodName, parms });
174 are.WaitOne();
175 }
176else177 {
178 Type t = f.GetType();
179 MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod(methodName, flags);
180 mi.Invoke(f, parms);
181 are.Set();
182 }
183 }
184185delegateobject GetControlPropertyValueHandler(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName);
186staticobject GetControlPropertyValue(Form f, string controlName, string propertyName)
187 {
188if (f.InvokeRequired)
189 {
190 Delegate d = new GetControlPropertyValueHandler(GetControlPropertyValue);
191object[] o = newobject[] { f, controlName, propertyName };
192object iResult = f.Invoke(d, o);
193 are.WaitOne();
194return iResult;
195 }
196else197 {
198 Type t1 = f.GetType();
199 FieldInfo fi = t1.GetField(controlName, flags);
200object ctrl = fi.GetValue(f);
201 Type t2 = ctrl.GetType();
202 PropertyInfo pi = t2.GetProperty(propertyName);
203object gResult = pi.GetValue(ctrl, null);
204 are.Set();
205return gResult;
206 }
207 }
208 } // Class1209 } // ns
图2 测试结果
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/Ming8006/p/3992355.html
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