Linux登录shell和非登录(交互式shell)环境变量配置

使用Jenkins执行shell脚本的时候, 碰到command not found. 比如java mvn, 这些环境变量配置在/etc/profile
中, 但jenkins执行的时候并没有加载.

这是因为jenkins执行的shell是非登录交互式shell, 并不会加载/etc/profile.

交互式shell会加载.bashrc, 进而会加载/etc/bashrc, 而/etc/bashrc会加载/etc/profile.d/*.sh.

因此, 自定义的变量应该定义在/etc/profile.d/*.sh

1.登录shell

所谓登录shell,指的是当用户登录系统时所取的那个shell，登录shell属于交互式shell。

登录shell将查找4个不同的启动文件来处理其中的命令。 bash shell处理文件的顺序如下：

        1:/etc/profile
2:/etc/profile.d等待配置文件
3:$HOME/.bash_profile 会加载$HOME/.bashrc和/etc/bashrc
4:$HOME/.bash_login
5:$HOME/.profile

    

2. 交互式非登录shell

如果启动了一个bash shell而没有登入系统（如在CLI提示符中键入bash）,
则启动了一个交互式非登录shell.

$HOME/.bashrc

交互式非登录shell执行~/.bashrc文件中的命令.在每次执行shell脚本时，都会重新读取这个文件，所以是最完整的。

但是万事都不是一样的，debain系列的是不同的，如ubuntu
/etc/profile-->/etc/environment-->$HOME/.profile.要配置java等变量时，都/etc/environment中

.bashrc

        # .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm=‘rm -i‘
alias cp=‘cp -i‘
alias mv=‘mv -i‘

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

    

登录shell的初始化文件(比如.bash_profile)通常会运行这个文件。这样，登录shell和非登录shell都可以使用.bashrc中的命令。

/etc/bashrc

        [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/bashrc
# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile

# It‘s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It‘s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

# are we an interactive shell?
if [ "$PS1" ]; then
  if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then
    case $TERM in
    xterm*|vte*)
      if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then
          PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm
      elif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; then
          PROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command"
      else
          PROMPT_COMMAND=‘printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"‘
      fi
      ;;
    screen*)
      if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then
          PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen
      else
          PROMPT_COMMAND=‘printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"‘
      fi
      ;;
    *)
      [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default
      ;;
    esac
  fi
  # Turn on parallel history
  shopt -s histappend
  history -a
  # Turn on checkwinsize
  shopt -s checkwinsize
  [ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "
  # You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)
  # and console windows
  # If you want to do so, just add e.g.
  # if [ "$PS1" ]; then
  #   PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "
  # fi
  # to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory
fi

if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We‘re not a login shell
    # Need to redefine pathmunge, it get‘s undefined at the end of /etc/profile
    pathmunge () {
        case ":${PATH}:" in
            *:"$1":*)
                ;;
            *)
                if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                    PATH=$PATH:$1
                else
                    PATH=$1:$PATH
                fi
        esac
    }

    # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.
    # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
    # You could check uidgid reservation validity in
    # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
    if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
       umask 002
    else
       umask 022
    fi

    SHELL=/bin/bash
    # Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell
    # and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars
    for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
        if [ -r "$i" ]; then
            if [ "$PS1" ]; then
                . "$i"
            else
                . "$i" >/dev/null
            fi
        fi
    done

    unset i
    unset -f pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4

    

参考

• https://www.cnblogs.com/woshimrf/p/shell-environment.html
• https://my.oschina.net/u/347414/blog/599054

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/woshimrf/p/shell-conf.html