linux磁盘管理
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互联网集市收集整理的这篇技术教程文章主要介绍了linux磁盘管理，小编现在分享给大家，供广大互联网技能从业者学习和参考。文章包含20201字，纯文字阅读大概需要29分钟。
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摘自："宋体"; font-size: 15pt;‘>磁盘管理' ref='nofollow'>Linux"宋体"; font-size: 15pt;‘>磁盘管理
一、查看命令
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 14pt;‘>1、df
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> 查看已挂载磁盘的总容量<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>、<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>使用容量<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>、<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>剩余容量等，可以不加任何参数，默认是按<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>k<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位显示的
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>常用参数有<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-i <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>使用<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>inodes <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>显示结果
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-h <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>使用合适的单位显示，例如<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>G
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-k -m <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>分别为使用<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>K<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>M<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位显示
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri";‘>2、du
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> 用来查看某个目录所占空间大小
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>语法：<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>du [-abckmsh] [<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>文件或者目录名<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>]
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>常用的参数有：
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-a <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>全部文件与目录大小都列出来<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>如果不加任何选项和参数只列出目录（包含子目录）大小
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-b <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>列出的值以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>bytes<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位输出，默认是以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>Kbytes
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-c <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>最后加总
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-k <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>KB<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位输出
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-m <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>MB<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位输出
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-s <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>只列出总和
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-h <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>系统自动调节单位，例如文件太小可能就几<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>K<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，那么就以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>K<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位显示，如果大到几<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>G<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，则就以<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>G<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>为单位显示
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri";‘>3、fdisk
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> linux<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>下的硬盘分区工具
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>语法：<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> fdisk [-l ] [<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>设备名称<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>]
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-l <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：后边不跟设备名会直接列出系统中所有的磁盘设备以及分区表，加上设备名会列出该设备的分区表
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体";‘>4、<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体";‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri";‘>blkid
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> 这个命令是用来显示磁盘分区<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>uuid<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>的。
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>uuid<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>其实就是一大串字符，在<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>linux<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>系统中每一个分区都会有唯一的一个<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>uuid。
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 18pt;‘>二、磁盘管理
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 14pt;‘>1、磁盘分区
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>fdisk如果不加<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-l <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>则进入另一个模式，在该模式下，可以对磁盘进行分区操作
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN
style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>P<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：打印当前磁盘的分区情况
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>n<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：重新建立一个新的分区
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>w<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：保存然后退出（也就是使之前的配置生效）
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>q<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：退出不保存
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>d<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：删除一个分区
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>（1）需要说明的是，如果想更改自己的输入命令，使用delete键，而不要用backspace。
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>（2）在<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>linux<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>中最多可以创建<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>4<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>个主分区，一旦创建<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>4<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>个主分区后就不能增加任何主分区了<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>另外最多也只能创建一个扩展分区<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>扩展分区下的逻辑分区最多可以创建多少呢？<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>IDE<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>的硬盘（类似于<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>hda, hdb, hdc <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>等）最多可以创建<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>10<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>个（<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>hdb5-hdb15<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>），这是笔者试验出来的结果<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>有的资料说<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>linux<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>下的逻辑分区是没有限制的，也有的说最大可以到<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>64<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，至于对不对，需要你去近一步考察了，我们没有必要多么深入的研究这个问题，也没有什么意义<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。（这段话为引用）
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 14pt;‘>2、磁盘格式化
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>mkfs.ext2 / mkfs.ext3 /mke2fs <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>格式化<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>linux<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>硬盘分区
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>常用的选项有：
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-b<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：分区时设定每个数据区块占用空间大小，目前支持<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1024, 2048 <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>以及<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>4096 bytes<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>每个块
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-i<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：设定<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>inode<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>大小
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-N<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：设定<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>inode<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>数量，有时使用默认的inode数不够用，所以要自定设定inode数量
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-c<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：在格式化前先检测一下磁盘是否有问题，加上这个选项后会非常慢
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-L<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：预设该分区的标签<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>label
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-j<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：建立<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>ext3<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>格式的分区，如果使用<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>mkfs.ext3 <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>就不用加这个选项
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 14pt;‘>3、磁盘检查
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>fsck <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>检查硬盘有没有坏道
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>语法：<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> fsck [-Aar] [<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>分区<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>]
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-A <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：加该参数时，后不需要跟分区名作为参数<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>它会自动检查<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/etc/fstab <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>文件下的所有分区（开机过程中就会执行一次该操作）；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-a <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：自动修复检查到有问题的分区；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>-r <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：当检查到有坏道的分区时会让用户决定是否修复
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 14pt;‘>4、挂载/卸载磁盘
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘> 以上的操作与windos区别不大，这一点倒是差别很大的。linux下的磁盘是一个文件，必须要先挂载才能使用。
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>mount 挂载磁盘
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>umount 卸载磁盘
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 18pt;‘>三、/etc/fstab文件
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>用途：系统启动时，根据这个文件挂载各个分区
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN
style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第一列就是分区的<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>label<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第二列是挂载点；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第三列是分区的格式；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第四列则是<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>mount<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>的一些挂载参数，等下会详细介绍一下有哪些参数，一般情况下，直接写<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>defaults<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>即可；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第五列的数字表示是否被<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>dump<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>备份，是的话这里就是<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，否则就是<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>0<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>第六列是开机时是否自检磁盘，就是刚才讲过的那个<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>fsck<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>检测<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>都表示检测，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>0<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>表示不检测，在<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>Redhat<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>中，这个<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>还有个说法，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/ <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>分区必须设为<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，而且整个<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>fstab<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>中只允许出现一个<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，这里有一个优先级的说法<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>。1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>比<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>优先级高，所以先检测<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，然后再检测<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，如果有多个分区需要开机检测那么都设置成<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>吧，<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>1<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>检测完了后会同时去检测<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>2。
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘><SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>下面该说说第四列中常用到的参数：
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>async/sync <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>async<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>表示和磁盘和内存不同步，系统每隔一段时间把内存数据写入磁盘中，而<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>sync<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>则会时时同步内存和磁盘中数据；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>auto/noauto <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：开机自动挂载<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>不自动挂载；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>default<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：按照大多数永久文件系统的缺省值设置挂载定义，它包含了<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser,async <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>ro<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：按只读权限挂载<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>rw<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：按可读可写权限挂载<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>exec/noexec <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：允许<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>不允许可执行文件执行，但千万不要把根分区挂载为<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>noexec<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>，那就无法使用系统了，连<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>mount<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>命令都无法使用了，这时只有重新做系统了；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>user/nouser <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：允许<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>不允许<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>root<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>外的其他用户挂载分区，为了安全考虑，请用<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>nouser <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>suid/nosuid <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：允许<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>/<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>不允许分区有<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>suid<SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>属性，一般设置<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>nosuid <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>usrquota <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：启动使用者磁盘配额模式，磁盘配额相关内容在后续章节会做介绍；
<SPAN style=‘font-family: "Calibri"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>grquota <SPAN style=‘font-family: "宋体"; font-size: 10.5pt;‘>：启动群组磁盘配额模式；
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/amanlikethis/p/3594659.html
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