MySQL更改root密码、连接MySQL、MySQL常用命令介绍
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更改MySQL数据库root密码
1. 首次进入数据库是不用密码的，如下所示：
[root@gary-tao ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot //使用绝对路径进入mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
说明：退出时直接输入quit或者exit即可，上面我们是使用绝对路径进入mysql的,这样很不方便，由于/usr/local/mysql/bin不在PATH这个环境变量里，所以不能直接使用mysql这条命令，那我们就需要把它加入到环境变量PATH中，方法如下：
[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
[root@gary-tao ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@gary-tao ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ //加入PATH,但重启后会失效
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot //-u是指定要登录的用户，后面有无空格均可。
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
[root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/profile //添加后重启会开机加载
把以下命令增加到最后一行：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@gary-tao ~]# source /etc/profile //即刻生效
2.设置mysql的root密码
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘szyino-123‘ //设置密码
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
警告信息：在命令行下面暴露了密码，这样不安全。
3.使用密码登录mysql
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot //报错，提示需要密码登录
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p //交互的方式输入密码登录
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘szyino-123‘ //直接-p后面跟密码登录，-P后面不需要有空格。
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
4.更改mysql的root密码
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p‘szyino-123‘ password ‘Szyino-123‘ //更改密码
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘Szyino-123‘ //使用新密码登录
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
5.重置密码
- 更改配置文件
[root@gary-tao ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
增加如下内容：
skip-grant
如图：
- 重启mysql
[root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 进入密码表更改密码
mysql> use mysql; //用户名密码存在user表里，而user表存在mysql这个库里，进入mysql，记得加分号
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from user; //查看user表
mysql> select password from user where user=‘root‘ ; //查询语句查询密码表。加密的字符串是password这个函数生成
+-------------------------------------------+
| password |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *EBBC0E0C643D4DC86D226068E9C5A6693BB555A6 |
| |
| |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password(‘szyino-123‘) where user=‘root‘; //更改密码命令
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
- 把vi /etc/my.cnf增加的skip-grant去掉，否则所有的用户登录都不需要密码，不安全。
[root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //去掉skip-grant
[root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart //重启mysql
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 //使用新密码测试登录mysql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye连接mysql
1.连接本机数据库
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘2.远程连接登录mysql，A机器连接B服务器的mysql，就需要加上IP和端口,如下：
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 //-h用来指定远程主机的IP -P指定端口
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3.使用sock远程连接
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -S/tmp/mysql.sock
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 说明：mysql我们本机不止监听了3306也监听了sock，所以就可以使用sock登陆，但这个时候不是使用TCP/IP连接，是使用sock,只适合在本机。
4. 连接mysql后，把数据库表列出来，这种情况只适用在shell脚本里。
[root@gary-tao ~]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -e "show databases"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+mysql常用命令
在日常工作中，难免会遇到一些与Mysql相关的操作，比如建库、建表、查询MySQL状态等，掌握最基本的操作。
注意：使用mysql命令的结尾处都需要加一个分号。
1.查询当前库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.切换库
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
3.查询库的表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.查看表里的字段
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.01 sec)
5.查看建表语句
mysql> show create table user\G;
6.查看当前用户
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.查看当前使用的数据库
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.创建库
mysql> create database db1; //创建库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; //查看库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9.创建表
mysql> use db1; create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40));
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show create table t1\G; //查看创建的表
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> drop table t1; //删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use db1; create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; //创建表时指定CHARSET=utf8
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show create table t1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
9.查看当前数据库版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.35 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10.查看数据库状态
mysql> show status;
11.查看各参数
mysql> show variables;
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connect%‘;
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 100 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
12.修改参数
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connect%‘;
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 1000 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
13.查看数据库队列
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 11 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show full processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| 11 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
原文：http://blog.51cto.com/taoxie/2060319
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