TomCat的工作原理和端口理解

TomCat的工作原理和端口理解
关于解压官网下载：apache-tomcat-6.0.45.zip
解压后展现目录：

主要关注bin,conf,webapps这三个目录；bin目录里面会有启动的，停止的bat文件，conf主要是tomcat的配置文件，webapps主要是项目的发布文件，在webapps下，tomcat有自己的目录和文件

运行时，调用startup.bat文件：

            @echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this fileto You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may notuse this file except in compliance withrem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
remrem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed toin writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.

if"%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Start script for the CATALINA Server
rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Guess CATALINA_HOME ifnot defined
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"ifnot"%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variableisnot defined correctly
echo This environment variableis needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome

set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"rem Check that target executable exists
if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
echo This fileis needed to run this program
goto end
:okExec

rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs

call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%

:end
        

① 首先会根据web.xml文件提供的顺序穿件一个Catalina的servlet容器调用自己带的监听器，会监听程序的运行：
② 寻找CATALINA_HOME这个tomcat的环境变量，因为现在版本的tomcat放在一个叫Catalina的容器里，以前的tomcat的环境变量为TOMCAT_HOME，如果没有就将当前目录赋予为CATALINA_HOME这个目录，然后执行设置该目录为他运行的根目录
③ 在根目录下寻找catalina.bat文件并通过JAVA_HOME和JRE_HOME连接上JVM,该文件里面内容如下：

            @echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this fileto You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may notuse this file except in compliance withrem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
remrem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed toin writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.

if"%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
remrem Environment Variable Prerequisites
remrem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
remrem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
remof a Catalina installation.  Ifnot present, resolves torem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
remrem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
remor"run" command is executed.
remrem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults torem                   %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
remrem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
remrem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
remrem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem"stop", or"run" command is executed.
remrem   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists ofof semi-colon separated directories
rem                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs 
rem                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C). 
rem                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
remrem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"rem                   command is executed. The defaultis"dt_socket".
remrem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem                   command is executed. The defaultis8000.remrem   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem                   execution immediately after startup. Defaultis"n".
remrem   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
remand JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem                   options MUST be specified. The defaultis:
remrem                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem                       address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
remrem   LOGGING_CONFIG  (Optional) Override Tomcat‘s logging config filerem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"remrem   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat‘s logging manager 
rem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"remrem   TITLE           (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The defaultrem                   TITLE is Tomcat if it‘snot specified.
rem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Guess CATALINA_HOME ifnot defined
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"ifnot"%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variableisnot defined correctly
echo This environment variableis needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome

rem Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME ifnot defined
ifnot"%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase

rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare casewhen it is needed.
set CLASSPATH=

rem Get standard environment variables
ifnot exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto checkSetenvHome
call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto setenvDone
:checkSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:setenvDone

rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This fileis needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1if errorlevel 1 goto endifnot"%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir

rem Add tomcat-juli.jar and bootstrap.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if"%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
if"%CATALINA_BASE%" == "%CATALINA_HOME%" goto juliClasspathHome
ifnot exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
:juliClasspathDone

ifnot"%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
ifnot exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%

ifnot"%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%

rem----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------

echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"if""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=

ifnot""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
ifnot"%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
ifnot"%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
ifnot"%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
ifnot"%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda

if""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"ifnot""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doRun
shift
ifnot""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStart
shift
ifnot"%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if"%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
ifnot""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end


:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
ifnot"%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
ifnot"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
ifnot"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

:end
        

④ 在加载java文件的时候，需要访问setclasspath.bat文件；来寻早到java的路径，如果没有配置JAVA_HOME和JAR_HOME环境变量，可以在路径寻找之前用set JAVA_HOME=”jdk所在路径”来设置访问路径。文件如下：

            @echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this fileto You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may notuse this file except in compliance withrem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
remrem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed toin writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.

rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Set CLASSPATH and Java options
rem---------------------------------------------------------------------------rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
ifnot"%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJdkHome
ifnot"%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome
echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variableis defined
echo At least one of these environment variableis needed to run this program
goto exit

:gotJreHome
ifnot exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot""%1"" == ""debug"" goto okJavaHome
echo JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode.
goto exit

:gotJdkHome
ifnot exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome
ifnot"%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto okJavaHome
set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
goto okJavaHome

:noJavaHome
echo The JAVA_HOME environment variableisnot defined correctly
echo This environment variableis needed to run this program
echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE
goto exit
:okJavaHome

ifnot"%BASEDIR%" == "" goto gotBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variableisnot defined
echo This environment variableis needed to run this program
goto exit
:gotBasedir
if exist "%BASEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variableisnot defined correctly
echo This environment variableis needed to run this program
goto exit
:okBasedir

rem Don‘t override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
ifnot"%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddir
rem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument
set "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%BASEDIR%\endorsed"
:gotEndorseddir

rem Don‘t override _RUNJAVA if the user has set it previously
ifnot"%_RUNJAVA%" == "" goto gotRunJava
rem Set standard command for invoking Java.
rem Also note the quoting as JRE_HOME may contain spaces.
set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe"
:gotRunJava

rem Don‘t override _RUNJDB if the user has set it previously
rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
ifnot"%_RUNJDB%" == "" goto gotRunJdb
set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe"
:gotRunJdb

goto end

:exitexit /b 1

:endexit /b 0
        

⑤ 在里这CATALINA_HOME文件夹下面的.bat文件加载完毕后，会加载conf下面catalina.properties文件，根据该配置文件的顺序，执行里面的server.xml调用项目的配置文件和tomcat-users.xml检查调用权限。
关于使用tomcat发布项目的四种方式：

1. 直接把项目复制到Tomcat安装目录的webapps目录中，这是最简单的一种Tomcat项目部署的方法，也是初学者最常用的方法。
2. 在tomcat安装目录中有一个conf文件夹，打开此文件夹，其中包含配置文件server.xml，打开配置文件，并在和之间插入如下语句。
   
   其中，docBase为设置项目的路径。
3. 在tomcat安装目录下的conf目录下面，打开server.xml文件，在标签之间，添加

            
                <Servicename="culture">
                <Connectorport="6011"maxHttpHeaderSize="8906"maxThreads="150"minSpareThreads="25"maxSpareThreads="75"enableLookups="false"redirectPort="8443"acceptCount="100"connectionTimeout="20000"disableUploadTimeout="true"URIEncoding="utf-8"useBodyEncodingForURI="true" />
                <Enginename="culture"defaultHost="localhost">
                <RealmclassName="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"resourceName="UserDatabase" />
                <Hostname="localhost"appBase="">
                <Contextpath=""docBase="E:\ZRPDWorkspaces\MyEclipse Professional 2014\finance_culture\WebRoot"debug="5"reloadable="true"crossContext="true">
                <Resourcename="jdbc/itfin"auth="Container"type="javax.sql.DataSource"maxActive="100"maxIdle="30"maxWait="10000"username="root"password="bigdata@mysql"driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.197:3306/culture?autoReconnect=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8&amp;zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull"/>
                </Context>
                </Host>
                </Engine>
                </Service>
            
        

4.在conf目录中，在Catalina\localhost（此处需要注意目录的大小写）目录下新建一个XML文件，任意命名，只要和当前文件中的文件名不重复即可，代码如下。

第四种方法相对来说比较灵活，并且可以设置别名。该目录下面自身有两个tomcat容器的xml文件；