Centos7+Haproxy实现Apache负载均衡
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Centos7+Haproxy实现Apache负载均衡
说到Linux下的负载均衡，其实有很多服务是可以实现的，比如：haproxy，lvs，nginx，这些服务都可以做负载均衡，而我们今天主要介绍的是Haproxy实现Apache的负载均衡。一般做法是通过Haproxy+Keeplive实现高可用负载均衡的，我们将会在后面的文章介绍。
目的：访问Haproxy自动轮询分配后台服务器
环境介绍：
Hostname：A-S
IP:192.168.5.21
Role：Apache
Hostname：B-S
IP:192.168.5.22
Role：Apache
Hostname：C-S
IP:192.168.5.23
Role：Haproxy
我们先看看安装完默认的Haproxy的配置介绍：
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the ‘-r‘ option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2 #日志输出配置，所有日志都记录在本机，通过local2输出
chroot /var/lib/haproxy #改变当前工作目录。
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid #所属运行的gid
maxconn 4000 #最大连接数
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon #以后台形式运行haproxy
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the ‘listen‘ and ‘backend‘ sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http #默认的模式mode { tcp|http|health }，tcp是4层，http是7层，health只会返回OK
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch #当serverId对应的服务器挂掉后，强制定向到其他健康的服务器
retries 3 #两次连接失败就认为是服务器不可用
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s #连接超时
timeout client 1m #客户端超时
timeout server 1m #服务器超时
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s #心跳检测超时
maxconn 3000 #默认的最大连接数
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend main *:5000 #haproxy服务器监听端口
acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
use_backend static if url_static
default_backend app
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend static
balance roundrobin
#banlance roundrobin 轮询，balance source 保存session值，支持static-rr，leastconn，first，uri等参数
server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend app
balance roundrobin
server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check
server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check
server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check
server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check
接下来我们开始正式环境配置介绍：首先是安装Apache服务，然后配置显示页面：
Yum install httpd
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image001" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043056001.jpg" height="383" />安装完成
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image002" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043056342.jpg" height="408" />查看httpd 版本
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image003" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043056763.jpg" height="77" />接下来我们首先要为apache定义一个 默认的页面，方便区分
Vim /var/www/httml/index.html
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to Apache</title>
<style>
body {
35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
h1{color:red}
h2{color:blue}
h3{color:green}
h4{color:yellow}
}
</style>
</head><body bgcolor=‘#46A3FF‘>
<h1>Welcome to A-S Apache</h1>
<h2>HostName:A-S</h2>
<h3>IP:192.168.5.21</h3>
<h4>Service:Apache</h4>
<input type=button value="Refresh" onclick="window.location.href(‘http://192.168.5.21‘)">
</body>
</html>
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image004" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043057119.jpg" height="330" />启动服务
Systemctl start httpd
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image005" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043057371.jpg" height="147" />然后添加默认的防火墙端口8o
Firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=‘80/tcp‘ --permanent
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image006" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043057754.jpg" height="75" />或者vim /etc/firewalld/zone/public.xml
添加一下格式
<port portocal=‘tcp‘ port=‘80‘>
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image007" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043058064.jpg" height="220" />接下来我们在本地访问测试一下
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image008" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043058398.jpg" height="337" />接下来我们也同样按照方法部署第二台apache服务，方法跟上面完全一样
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to Apache</title>
<style>
body {
35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
h1{color:red}
h2{color:blue}
h3{color:green}
h4{color:yellow}
}
</style>
</head><body bgcolor=‘#CA8EFF‘>
<h1>Welcome to B-S Apache</h1>
<h2>HostName:B-S</h2>
<h3>IP:192.168.5.22</h3>
<h4>Service:Apache</h4>
<input type=button value="Refresh" onclick="window.location.href(‘http://192.168.5.22‘)">
</body>
</html>
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image009" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043058748.jpg" height="386" />测试访问
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image010" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043059081.jpg" height="327" />最后我们开始部署haproxy了
我们使用192.168.5.33来部署haproxy了
yum install -y haproxy
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image011" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043059405.jpg" height="268" />
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image012" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043059811.jpg" height="343" />我们可以编辑haproxy的默认配置文件
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.nfg
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image013" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043100163.jpg" height="47" />#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the # full configuration options online. # # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the ‘-r‘ option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the ‘listen‘ and ‘backend‘ sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app balance roundrobin server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check
我们在配置文件的最后面，将默认的端口从4331修改成80
然后添加服务器
更改前
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image014" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043100391.jpg" height="281" />更改后
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the # full configuration options online. # # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the ‘-r‘ option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the ‘listen‘ and ‘backend‘ sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:80 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:80 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app balance roundrobin server app1 127.0.0.1:5001 check server app2 127.0.0.1:5002 check server app3 127.0.0.1:5003 check server app4 127.0.0.1:5004 check server app5 192.168.5.21:80 check server app6 192.168.5.22:80 check
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image015" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043100683.jpg" height="249" />然后启动haproxy服务
systemctl start haproxy
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image016" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043102757.jpg" height="45" />然后测试访问haproxy访问
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image017" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043102967.jpg" height="412" />我们通过本地查看端口监听状态
netstat -anlpt
我们发现默认的端口是5000
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image018" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043103381.jpg" height="148" />我们使用5000端口在访问一下
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image019" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043103693.jpg" height="388" />
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image020" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043104061.jpg" height="392" />接下来我们更改默认端口
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image021" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043104400.jpg" height="467" />修改为80
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image022" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043104831.jpg" height="354" />修改后我们重启
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image023" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043105250.jpg" height="83" />我们查看端口监听状态
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image024" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043105514.jpg" height="153" />测试访问
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image025" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043105812.jpg" height="373" />
650) this.width=650;" title="clip_image026" border="0" src="/upload/getfiles/default/2022/11/9/20221109043106227.jpg" height="383" />本文出自 “高文龙” 博客，谢绝转载！
原文：http://gaowenlong.blog.51cto.com/451336/1883159
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