linux系统安装mysql数据库

1.首先关闭linux的防火墙，执行命令
           chkconfig iptables off
2.将下载好的mysql压缩文件放置在linux的/usr/local文件夹下，解压该压缩文件
           tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3.将解压后的文件重命名为mysql
           mv mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4.创建mysql用户组及用户
           groupadd mysql
           useradd -r -g mysql mysql
5、进入到mysql目录，执行添加MySQL配置的操作
           cd mysql
           cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
           是否覆盖？按y 回车
6、编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

            # For advice on how to change settings please see
# http:
            //
            dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
log-err = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

 7.在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限（注意后面的小点，表示当前目录）
          cd /usr/local/mysql
          chown -R mysql .
          chgrp -R mysql .
          scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
          chown -R root .
          chown -R mysql data
8、初始化数据（在mysql/bin或者mysql/scripts下有个 mysql_install_db 可执行文件初始化数据库），进入该目录下，执行下面命令   
          cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts
          安装autoconf库
          yum -y install autoconf
          初始化mysql
          ./mysql_install_db --verbose --user=root --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --tmpdir=/tmp
9、启动mysql，进入/usr/local/mysql/bin目录，执行下面命令
          cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
          ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root &
          注意，如果光标停留在屏幕上，表示启动成功，需要我们先关闭Xshell终端,再重新打开软件
10、设置开机启动，新开启shell中断后，进入mysql目录，执行下面命令
         cd /usr/local/mysql
         cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
         cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
         chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysql
         chkconfig --add mysqld
         chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
         chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/
11.重启linux,查看mysql状态
          reboot(可在控制台手动重启)
          service mysqld status
          mysql若没启动，则启动mysql
          service mysql start
12、添加远程访问权限
           添加mysql命令
           ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  /usr/bin  （mysql的安装路径）
           登录mysql,执行下面命令
           mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 -p  (直接回车，可无密码登陆)
13.修改密码，执行下面命令
           mysql  (回车)
           mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;
           mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(‘12345‘) where user=‘root‘;
           mysql> flush privileges;
           mysql> quit
14.重新启动mysql，就可以使用 新密码登录了
           service mysqld status
           mysql若没启动，则启动mysql
           service mysql start
           mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 -p
           输入密码：12345
15.连接navicat,如果连接失败，请执行关闭防火墙，并重新执行13步

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyi-clover/p/11163206.html