Docker学习总结（12）——非常详细的 Docker 学习笔记

            $ sudo docker version
Client version: 1.3.2
Client API version: 1.15
Go version (client): go1.3.3
Git commit (client): 39fa2fa/1.3.2
OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64
Server version: 1.3.2
Server API version: 1.15
Go version (server): go1.3.3
Git commit (server): 39fa2fa/1.3.2
        

            $ sudo docker search ubuntu
        

            $ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 获取 ubuntu 官方镜像 $ sudo docker images # 查看当前镜像列表 
        

            $ sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
        

            $ sudo docker ps # 查看当前运行的容器, ps -a 列出当前系统所有的容器 CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6c9129e9df10        ubuntu:14.04        /bin/bash 6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            cranky_babbage
        

            $ sudo docker   # docker 命令帮助

Commands:
    attach    Attach to a running container                 # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
    build     Build an image from a Dockerfile              # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
    commit    Create a new image from a container‘s changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
    cp        Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
              # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
    create    Create a new container                        # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器
    diff      Inspect changes on a container‘s filesystem   # 查看 docker 容器变化
    events    Get real time events from the server          # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
    exec      Run a command in an existing container        # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
    export    Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive   
              # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
    history   Show the history of an image                  # 展示一个镜像形成历史
    images    List images                                   # 列出系统当前镜像
    import    Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball  
              # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export]
    info      Display system-wide information               # 显示系统相关信息
    inspect   Return low-level information on a container   # 查看容器详细信息
    kill      Kill a running container                      # kill 指定 docker 容器
    load      Load an image from a tar archive              # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
    login     Register or Login to the docker registry server   
              # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
    logout    Log out from a Docker registry server         # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
    logs      Fetch the logs of a container                 # 输出当前容器日志信息
    port      Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
              # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
    pause     Pause all processes within a container        # 暂停容器
    ps        List containers                               # 列出容器列表
    pull      Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server
              # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
    push      Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server
              # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
    restart   Restart a running container                   # 重启运行的容器
    rm        Remove one or more containers                 # 移除一个或者多个容器
    rmi       Remove one or more images                 
              # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
    run       Run a command in a new container
              # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
    save      Save an image to a tar archive                # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
    search    Search for an image on the Docker Hub         # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
    start     Start a stopped containers                    # 启动容器
    stop      Stop a running containers                     # 停止容器
    tag       Tag an image into a repository                # 给源中镜像打标签
    top       Lookup the running processes of a container   # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
    unpause   Unpause a paused container                    # 取消暂停容器
    version   Show the docker version information           # 查看 docker 版本号
    wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code   
              # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
Run ‘docker COMMAND --help‘ for more information on a command.
        

            Usage of docker:
  --api-enable-cors=false                Enable CORS headers in the remote API                      # 远程 API 中开启 CORS 头
  -b, --bridge=""                        Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge         # 桥接网络
                                           use ‘none‘ to disable container networking
  --bip=""                               Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge‘s IP, not compatible with -b
                                         # 和 -b 选项不兼容，具体没有测试过
  -d, --daemon=false                     Enable daemon mode                                         # daemon 模式
  -D, --debug=false                      Enable debug mode                                          # debug 模式
  --dns=[]                               Force docker to use specific DNS servers                   # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 服务器
  --dns-search=[]                        Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains            # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域
  -e, --exec-driver="native"             Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver     # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定执行驱动器
  --fixed-cidr=""                        IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)
                                           this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip)
  -G, --group="docker"                   Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
                                           use ‘‘ (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
  -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker"          Path to use as the root of the docker runtime              # 容器运行的根目录路径
  -H, --host=[]                          The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode                    # daemon 模式下 docker 指定绑定方式[tcp or 本地 socket]
                                           specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
  --icc=true                             Enable inter-container communication                       # 跨容器通信
  --insecure-registry=[]                 Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
  --ip="0.0.0.0"                         Default IP address to use when binding container ports     # 指定监听地址，默认所有 ip
  --ip-forward=true                      Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward                                 # 开启转发
  --ip-masq=true                         Enable IP masquerading for bridge‘s IP range
  --iptables=true                        Enable Docker‘s addition of iptables rules                 # 添加对应 iptables 规则
  --mtu=0                                Set the containers network MTU                             # 设置网络 mtu
                                           if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
  -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid"    Path to use for daemon PID file                            # 指定 pid 文件位置
  --registry-mirror=[]                   Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror                  
  -s, --storage-driver=""                Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver  # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定存储驱动
  --selinux-enabled=false                Enable selinux support                                     # 开启 selinux 支持
  --storage-opt=[]                       Set storage driver options                                 # 设置存储驱动选项
  --tls=false                            Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags                       # 开启 tls
  --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem"     Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
  --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem"     Path to TLS certificate file                               # tls 证书文件位置
  --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem"       Path to TLS key file                                       # tls key 文件位置
  --tlsverify=false                      Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并确认远程控制主机
  -v, --version=false                    Print version information and quit                         # 输出 docker 版本信息
        

            $ sudo docker search --help

Usage: docker search TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images # 从 Docker Hub 搜索镜像 --automated=false Only show automated builds
  --no-trunc=false Don‘t truncate output
  -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars
        

            $ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 数至少为 100 的镜像，找出只有官方镜像 start 数超过 100，默认不加 s 选项找出所有相关 ubuntu 镜像 NAME      DESCRIPTION                  STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
ubuntu    Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK] 
        

            $ sudo docker info 
Containers: 1 # 容器个数 Images: 22 # 镜像个数 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存储驱动 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool
 Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
 Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
 Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
 Data Space Used: 1.83 GB
 Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
 Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB
 Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
 Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存储驱动 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 
        

            $ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取镜像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry

  -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定镜像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
        

            $ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下载官方 ubuntu docker 镜像，默认下载所有 ubuntu 官方库镜像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下载指定版本 ubuntu 官方镜像 
        

            $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送镜像库到私有源[可注册 docker 官方账户，推送到官方自有账户] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定镜像到私有源 
        

            $ sudo docker images --help

Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images

  -a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 显示当前系统的所有镜像，包括过渡层镜像，默认 docker images 显示最终镜像，不包括过渡层镜像 -f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. ‘dangling=true‘) --no-trunc=false Don‘t truncate output
  -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
        

            $ sudo docker images # 显示当前系统镜像，不包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images -a # 显示当前系统所有镜像，包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 显示当前系统 docker ubuntu 库中的所有镜像 REPOSITORY                 TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu                     12.04               ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago         210.6 MB
ubuntu                     14.04               e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago         276.5 MB
ubuntu                     14.04-ssh           6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago         383.2 MB
        

            $ sudo docker rmi --help

Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images

  -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 强制移除镜像不管是否有容器使用该镜像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要删除未标记的父镜像 
        

            $ sudo docker run --help

Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container

  -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr.
  -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 设置 cpu 使用权重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
  --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
  --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 写入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 绑定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 后台运行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 设置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 设置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定义环境变量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ？ --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 从指定文件读取变量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定对外提供服务端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 设置容器主机名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持标准输出开启即使没有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加链接到另外一个容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 内存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 设置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 设置容器网络模式 ‘bridge‘: creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge ‘none‘: no networking for this container ‘container:<name|id>‘: reuses another container network stack ‘host‘: use the host network stack inside the container.  Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
  -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自动映射容器对外提供服务的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container‘s port to the host             # 指定端口映射  format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort  (use ‘docker port‘ to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的权限给容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自动移除和 -d 选项冲突 --security-opt=[] Security Options
  --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied.
  -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配伪终端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定运行容器的用户 uid 或者用户名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 挂载卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 从指定容器挂载卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目录 
        

            $ sudo docker images ubuntu
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu              14.04               e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago         276.5 MB
... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 创建一个 cpu 优先级为 100，内存限制 512MB，主机名为 test1，名为 docker_test1 后台运行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE           COMMAND         CREATED             STATUS              PORTS       NAMES
a424ca613c9f        ubuntu:14.04    /bin/bash 6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds                    docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1
root@test1:/# pwd /
root@test1:/# exit exit 
        

            docker exec --help

Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] Run a command in an existing container

  -d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
  -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
  -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
        

            $ docker exec -it ubuntu_bash bash
        

            $ docker create -t -i fedora bash
6d8af538ec541dd581ebc2a24153a28329acb5268abe5ef868c1f1a261221752
        

            $ docker start -a -i 6d8af538ec5
bash-4.2#
        

            $ docker run --security-opt label:type:svirt_apache -i -t centos \ bash
        

            # Find IP address of container with ID <container_id> 通过容器 id 获取 ip $ sudo docker inspect <container_id> | grep IPAddress | cut -d ’"’ -f 4
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -P --expose 22 --name server  ubuntu:14.04
        

            $ sudo docker run -p [([<host_interface>:[host_port]])|(<host_port>):]<container_port>[/udp] <image> <cmd>
        

            # Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to TCP port 80 on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine. $ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080 <image> <cmd> # Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to a dynamically allocated TCP port on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine. $ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1::8080 <image> <cmd> # Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to TCP port 80 on all available interfaces of the host machine. $ sudo docker run -p 80:8080 <image> <cmd> # Bind TCP port 8080 of the container to a dynamically allocated TCP port on all available interfaces $ sudo docker run -p 8080 <image> <cmd>
        

            # Bind UDP port 5353 of the container to UDP port 53 on 127.0.0.1 of the host machine. $ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1:53:5353/udp <image> <cmd>
        

            $ sudo brctl show # brctl 工具依赖 bridge-utils 软件包 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
docker0 8000.000000000000 no
        

            $ sudo ifconfig docker0
docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
inet addr:172.17.42.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d ubuntu /bin/bash
52f811c5d3d69edddefc75aff5a4525fc8ba8bcfa1818132f9dc7d4f7c7e78b4 $ sudo brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
docker0 8000.fef213db5a66 no vethQCDY1N
        

            # Stopping Docker and removing docker0 $ sudo service docker stop $ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down $ sudo brctl delbr docker0 # Create our own bridge $ sudo brctl addbr bridge0 $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.5.1/24 dev bridge0 $ sudo ip link set dev bridge0 up # Confirming that our bridge is up and running $ ip addr show bridge0
4: bridge0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state UP group default
    link/ether 66:38:d0:0d:76:18 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.5.1/24 scope global bridge0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # Tell Docker about it and restart (on Ubuntu) $ echo ‘DOCKER_OPTS="-b=bridge0"‘ >> /etc/default/docker $ sudo service docker start
        

            $ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
$ sudo cp -rp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
        

            $ sudo apt-get install iputils-arping bridge-utils -y
        

            # brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.000c291412cd       no              eth0
docker0         8000.56847afe9799       no              vetheb48029
        

            $ sudo service docker stop
$ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down
$ sudo brctl delbr docker0
$ echo ‘DOCKER_OPTS="-b=br0"‘ >> /etc/default/docker
$ sudo service docker start
        

            $ sudo systemctl stop docker
$ sudo ip link set dev docker0 down
$ sudo brctl delbr docker0
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/docker | grep ‘OPTIONS=‘
OPTIONS=--selinux-enabled -b=br0 -H fd://
$ sudo systemctl start docker
        

            $ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
$ sudo cp -rp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
$ pipework 
Syntax:
pipework <hostinterface> [-i containerinterface] <guest> <ipaddr>/<subnet>[@default_gateway] [macaddr][@vlan]
pipework <hostinterface> [-i containerinterface] <guest> dhcp [macaddr][@vlan]
pipework --wait [-i containerinterface]
        

            $ sudo docker run --rm -ti --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@a46657528059:/#
$                  # Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q 回到宿主机 shell，容器 detach 状态
$ sudo docker  ps
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS          PORTS      NAMES
a46657528059    ubuntu:14.04   "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes               hungry_lalande
$ sudo pipework br0 -i eth0 a46657528059 192.168.115.10/24@192.168.115.2 
# 默认不指定网卡设备名，则默认添加为 eth1
# 另外 pipework 不能添加静态路由，如果有需求则可以在 run 的时候加上 --privileged=true 权限在容器中手动添加，
# 但这种安全性有缺陷，可以通过 ip netns 操作
$ sudo docker attach a46657528059
root@a46657528059:/# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 86:b6:6b:e8:2e:4d  
          inet addr:192.168.115.10  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::84b6:6bff:fee8:2e4d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:648 (648.0 B)  TX bytes:690 (690.0 B)

root@a46657528059:/# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.115.2   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
192.168.115.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
        

            $ docker inspect --format="{{ .State.Pid }}" a46657528059 # 获取指定容器 pid
6350
$ sudo ln -s /proc/6350/ns/net /var/run/netns/6350
$ sudo ip netns exec 6350 ip route add 192.168.0.0/16 dev eth0 via 192.168.115.2
$ sudo ip netns exec 6350 ip route    # 添加成功
192.168.0.0/16 via 192.168.115.2 dev eth0 
... ...
        

            FROM <image>
        

            FROM <image>
        

            MAINTAINER <name>
        

            RUN [ "echo", "$HOME" ]
        

            RUN [ "sh", "-c", "echo", "$HOME" ]
        

            EXPOSE <port> [<port>...]
        

            ENV <key> <value>       # 只能设置一个变量
ENV <key>=<value> ...   # 允许一次设置多个变量
        

            ENV myName="John Doe" myDog=Rex\ The\ Dog     myCat=fluffy
        

            ENV myName John Doe
ENV myDog Rex The Dog
ENV myCat fluffy
        

            ADD <src>... <dest>
        

            ADD hom* /mydir/        # adds all files starting with "hom"
ADD hom?.txt /mydir/    # ? is replaced with any single character
        

            COPY <src>... <dest>
        

            FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT ["top", "-b"]
CMD ["-c"]
        

            FROM debian:stable
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --force-yes apache2
EXPOSE 80 443
VOLUME ["/var/www", "/var/log/apache2", "/etc/apache2"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/apache2ctl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
        

            FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT exec top -b
        

            FROM ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT top -b
CMD --ignored-param1 # --ignored-param2 ... --ignored-param3 ... 依此类推
        

            VOLUME ["/data"]
        

            USER daemon
        

            WORKDIR /path/to/workdir
        

            WORKDIR /a
WORKDIR b
WORKDIR c
RUN pwd
        

            ENV DIRPATH /path
WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
        

            ONBUILD [INSTRUCTION]
        

            [...]
ONBUILD ADD . /app/src
ONBUILD RUN /usr/local/bin/python-build --dir /app/src
[...]
        

            # Automatically run the following
ADD . /app/src
RUN /usr/local/bin/python-build --dir /app/src
        

            # Nginx
#
# VERSION               0.0.1

FROM      ubuntu
MAINTAINER Victor Vieux <victor@docker.com>

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y inotify-tools nginx apache2 openssh-server

# Firefox over VNC
#
# VERSION               0.3

FROM ubuntu

# Install vnc, xvfb in order to create a ‘fake‘ display and firefox
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y x11vnc xvfb firefox
RUN mkdir ~/.vnc
# Setup a password
RUN x11vnc -storepasswd 1234 ~/.vnc/passwd
# Autostart firefox (might not be the best way, but it does the trick)
RUN bash -c ‘echo "firefox" >> /.bashrc‘

EXPOSE 5900
CMD    ["x11vnc", "-forever", "-usepw", "-create"]

# Multiple images example
#
# VERSION               0.1

FROM ubuntu
RUN echo foo > bar
# Will output something like ===> 907ad6c2736f

FROM ubuntu
RUN echo moo > oink
# Will output something like ===> 695d7793cbe4

# You?ll now have two images, 907ad6c2736f with /bar, and 695d7793cbe4 with
# /oink.
        

            $ docker build --help

Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -

Build a new image from the source code at PATH

  --force-rm=false     Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds # 移除过渡容器，即使构建失败
  --no-cache=false     Do not use cache when building the image                              # 不实用 cache        
  -q, --quiet=false    Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers               
  --rm=true            Remove intermediate containers after a successful build               # 构建成功后移除过渡层容器
  -t, --tag=""         Repository name (and optionally a tag) to be applied to the resulting image in case of success
        

            RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y   bzr   cvs   git   mercurial   subversion
        

            RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y     aufs-tools     automake     btrfs-tools     build-essential     curl     dpkg-sig     git     iptables     libapparmor-dev     libcap-dev     libsqlite3-dev     lxc=1.0*     mercurial     parallel     reprepro     ruby1.9.1     ruby1.9.1-dev     s3cmd=1.1.0*
        

            ENV PG_MAJOR 9.3
ENV PG_VERSION 9.3.4
RUN curl -SL http://example.com/postgres-$PG_VERSION.tar.xz | tar -xJC /usr/src/postgress && …
ENV PATH /usr/local/postgres-$PG_MAJOR/bin:$PATH
        

            ADD http://example.com/big.tar.xz /usr/src/things/
RUN tar -xJf /usr/src/things/big.tar.xz -C /usr/src/things
RUN make -C /usr/src/things all
        

            RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/things     && curl -SL http://example.com/big.tar.gz     | tar -xJC /usr/src/things     && make -C /usr/src/things all
        

            $ sudo docker run --name data -v /data -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash # 创建数据卷绑定到到新建容器，新建容器中会创建 /data 数据卷 bash-4.1# ls -ld /data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /data/
bash-4.1# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
... ...
              ext4     91G  4.6G   82G   6% /data
        

            $ sudo docker inspect data
... ... "Volumes": { "/data": "/var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9" }, # 可以看到创建的数据卷宿主机路径 ... ...
        

            $ sudo docker inspect --format="{{ .Volumes }}" data
map[/data: /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9]
        

            $ sudo docker run --name web -v /source/:/web -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
bash-4.1# ls -ld /web/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /web/
bash-4.1# df -Th
... ...
              ext4     91G  4.6G   82G   6% /web
bash-4.1# exit 
        

            $ sudo docker run --rm --name test -v /source/:/test:ro -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d -v /test --name test ubuntu:14.04 echo hello
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test --name test1 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test --name test2 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test1 --name test3 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
        

            $ sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from test -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu:14.04 tar cvf /backup/test.tar /test
tar: Removing leading `/‘ from member names
/test/
/test/b
/test/d
/test/c
/test/a
        

            $ ls # 宿主机当前目录下产生了 test 卷的备份文件 test.tar test.tar
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i -d -v /test --name test4 ubuntu:14.04  /bin/bash $ sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from test4 -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu:14.04 tar xvf /backup/test.tar -C / # 恢复之前的文件到新建卷中，执行完后自动删除容器 test/ test/b test/d test/c test/a
        

            $ sudo docker run -d -t -i --name test ubuntu:14.04 bash              
$ sudo docker  inspect --format="{{ .Nmae }}" test
/test
        

            $ sudo docker run -d --name db training/postgres
        

            $ sudo docker run -d -P --name web --link db:db training/webapp python app.py
        

            $ sudo docker inspect -f "{{ .HostConfig.Links }}" web
[/db:/web/db]
        

            $ sudo docker run --rm --name web2 --link db:db training/webapp env
. . .
DB_NAME=/web2/db
DB_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432           
DB_PORT_5432_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432  # <name>_PORT_<port>_<protocol> 协议可以是 TCP 或 UDP
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PROTO=tcp
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PORT=5432
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.5
. . .
        

            $ sudo docker run -t -i --rm --link db:db training/webapp /bin/bash
root@aed84ee21bde:/opt/webapp# cat /etc/hosts
172.17.0.7  aed84ee21bde
. . .
172.17.0.5  db
        

            $ sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev libevent-dev python-pip liblzma-dev
        

            sudo pip install docker-registry
        

            $ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker-registry.git
$ cd docker-registry/
$ cp config/config_sample.yml config/config.yml
$ mkdir /data/registry -p
$ pip install .
        

            docker-registry
        

            gunicorn -c contrib/gunicorn_config.py docker_registry.wsgi:application
        

            gunicorn --access-logfile - --error-logfile - -k gevent -b 0.0.0.0:5000 -w 4 --max-requests 100 docker_registry.wsgi:application
        

            $ docker tag ubuntu:12.04 私有库IP:5000/ubuntu:12.04
$ docker push 私有库IP:5000/ubuntu