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MySQL主主复制+LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL高可用性

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解压keepalived到/usr/local/并进入目录执行配置编译

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64/
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version       : 1.2.13
Compiler                 : gcc
Compiler flags           : -g -O2
Extra Lib                : -lssl -lcrypto -lcrypt 
Use IPVS Framework       : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
IPVS use libnl           : No
fwmark socket support    : Yes
Use VRRP Framework       : Yes
Use VRRP VMAC            : Yes
SNMP support             : No
SHA1 support             : No
Use Debug flags          : No

# make && make install

默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件，将需要的配置文件拷贝到指定位置

# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
# chkconfig mysqld on
# chkconfig keepalived on

LVS安装

ipvsadm下载地址

需要安装以下软件包

# yum install -y libnl* popt*

查看是否加载lvs模块

# modprobe -l |grep ipvs

解压安装

# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.5.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
# tar -zxvf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
# make && make install

LVS安装完成，查看当前LVS集群

# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

LVS+Keepalived配置

搭建MySQL主主复制

这里不再赘述，请参考MySQL复制

配置Keepalived

下面是LVS1节点（Keepalived主节点）上的Keepalived配置，LVS2类似

# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf    

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id LVS1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER #指定instance初始状态，实际根据优先级决定.backup节点不一样
    interface eth0 #虚拟IP所在网
    virtual_router_id 51 #VRID，相同VRID为一个组，决定多播MAC地址
    priority 100 #优先级，另一台改为90.backup节点不一样
    advert_int 1  #检查间隔
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS  #认证方式，可以是pass或ha
        auth_pass 1111  #认证密码
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100  #VIP
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 3306 {
    delay_loop 6  #服务轮询的时间间隔
    lb_algo wrr  #加权轮询调度，LVS调度算法 rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|sh|sh
    lb_kind DR   #LVS集群模式 NAT|DR|TUN，其中DR模式要求负载均衡器网卡必须有一块与物理网卡在同一个网段
    #nat_mask 255.255.255.0
    persistence_timeout 50  #会话保持时间
    protocol TCP  #健康检查协议

     ## Real Server设置，3306就是MySQL连接端口
    real_server 192.168.1.5 3306 {
        weight 3  ##权重
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
            connect_port 3306
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.1.6 3306 {
        weight 3
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
            connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}

配置LVS

编写LVS启动脚本/etc/init.d/realserver

#!/bin/sh
VIP=192.168.1.100
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in
# 禁用本地的ARP请求、绑定本地回环地址
start)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo down
    /sbin/ifconfig lo up
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    /sbin/sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up #在回环地址上绑定VIP，设定掩码，与Direct Server（自身）上的IP保持通信
    /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
    echo "LVS-DR real server starts successfully.\n"
    ;;
stop)
    /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
    /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "LVS-DR real server stopped.\n"
    ;;
status)
    isLoOn=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep "$VIP"`
    isRoOn=`/bin/netstat -rn | grep "$VIP"`
    if [ "$isLoON" == "" -a "$isRoOn" == "" ]; then
        echo "LVS-DR real server has run yet."
    else
        echo "LVS-DR real server is running."
    fi
    exit 3
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
    exit 1
esac
exit 0

将lvs脚本加入开机自启动

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/realserver
# echo "/etc/init.d/realserver" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

分别启动LVS和keepalived

# service realserver start
# service keepalived start

注意此时网卡的变化，可以看到虚拟网卡已经分配到了realserver上。

此时查看LVS集群状态，可以看到集群下有两个Real Server，调度算法，权重等信息。ActiveConn代表当前Real Server的活跃连接数

# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.100:3306 wrr persistent 50
  -> 192.168.1.5:3306             Route   3      4          1         
  -> 192.168.1.6:3306             Route   3      0          2

此时LVS+Keepalived+MySQL主主复制已经搭建完成。

测试验证

功能性验证

关闭MySQL Server2

# service mysqld stop

在LVS1查看/var/log/messages中关于keepalived日志，LVS1检测到了MySQL Server2宕机，同时LVS集群自动剔除了故障节点

Sep  9 13:50:53 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: TCP connection to [192.168.1.6]:3306 failed !!!
Sep  9 13:50:53 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: Removing service [192.168.1.6]:3306 from VS [192.168.1.100]:3306

从新启动MySQL Server2后自动将故障节点自动加入LVS集群

Sep  9 13:51:41 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: TCP connection to [192.168.1.6]:3306 success.
Sep  9 13:51:41 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: Adding service [192.168.1.6]:3306 to VS [192.168.1.100]:3306

关闭LVS1上的Keepalived（模拟宕机操作），查看LVS1上的日志，可以看到Keepalived移出了LVS1上的VIP

Sep  9 14:01:27 192.168.1.2 Keepalived[18796]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (09/09,2014)
Sep  9 14:01:27 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: Removing service [192.168.1.5]:3306 from VS [192.168.1.100]:3306
Sep  9 14:01:27 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18797]: Removing service [192.168.1.6]:3306 from VS [192.168.1.100]:3306
Sep  9 14:01:27 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_vrrp[18799]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
Sep  9 14:01:27 192.168.1.2 Keepalived_vrrp[18799]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

同时查看LVS2上日志，可以看到LVS2成为了Master，并接管了VIP

Sep  9 14:11:24 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_vrrp[7457]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep  9 14:11:25 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_vrrp[7457]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep  9 14:11:25 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_vrrp[7457]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep  9 14:11:25 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_vrrp[7457]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.100
Sep  9 14:11:25 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_healthcheckers[7456]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.100 added
Sep  9 14:11:25 192.168.1.11 avahi-daemon[1407]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.100 on eth0.IPv4.
Sep  9 14:11:30 192.168.1.11 Keepalived_vrrp[7457]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.100

在LVS2上查看LVS集群状态，一切正常。

# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.1.100:3306 wrr persistent 50
  -> 192.168.1.5:3306             Route   3      2          0         
  -> 192.168.1.6:3306             Route   3      1          0

总结

  • MySQL主主复制是集群的基础，组成Server Array，其中每个节点作为Real Server。
  • LVS服务器提供了负载均衡的作用，将用户请求分发到Real Server，一台Real Server故障并不会影响整个集群的。
  • Keepalived搭建主备LVS服务器，避免了LVS服务器的单点故障，出现故障时可以自动切换到正常的节点。

 

MySQL主主复制+LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL高可用性

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