Linux+Oracle+12c+RAC+安装配置详细-GI安装
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地址主机名
用途
实例名
192.168.12.58
oracle-rac03-db03
Public ip (节点1）
192.168.12.59
oracle-rac04-db04
Public ip(节点2）
192.168.12.73
rac03-db03-vip
vip(节点1）
racdb3 asm1
192.168.12.74
rac04-db04-vip
vip(节点2）
racdb4 asm2
192.168.12.75
SCANIP
Scan ip
shncdb
172.168.12.58
rac03-db03-priv
Private ip (节点1）
172.168.12.59
rac04-db04-priv
Private ip (节点2）
172.168.12.76
Ip-san
存储ip
#Public ip
192.168.12.58 oracle-rac03-db03
192.168.12.59 oracle-rac04-db04
#vip
192.168.12.73 rac03-db03-vip
192.168.12.74 rac04-db04-vip
#private-vip
172.168.12.58 rac03-db03-priv
172.168.12.59 rac04-db04-priv
#Scan ip
192.168.12.75 racscan
cvuqdisk包是CVU的一部分，可以从OTN下载，同时GI的软件包里面也有CVU。一般就是cv目录
chkconfigntpd off
mv/etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig
rm/var/run/ntpd.pid
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc –y
yum install smartmontools –y
yum install python* -y
yum install gcc* -y
rpm -ivh cvuqdisk*.rpm
root@ora ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
[root@ora ~]# /usr/sbin/getenforce
Disabled
[root@rac1 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@oracle-rac03-db03 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep ip
ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig --level 123456 iptables off
a、确定Linux已经安装了vnc-server
b、服务器需要开启vnc用户（注意每个用户都要运行vncpasswd)
[root@bogon ~]#vncpasswd
[root@bogon ~]# vi/etc/sysconfig/vncservers----（提前设置密码，否则报错）
VNCSERVERS="1:root 2:test"
VNCSERVERARGS[3]="-geometry 800x600-nolisten tcp -localhost"
如果启用更多用户，则可以直接空格再继续同格式添加用户，
例，VNCSERVERS="1:root 2:test 3:user"
c、修改用户文件~/.vnc/xstartup注释掉最后一行：
#twm& 改为gnome-session &
d.重启vnc服务
servicevncserver restart
e.设置VNCServer自动启动
1).编辑/etc/sysconfig/vncservers配置文件：
取消VNCSERVERS所在行的注释，例如：VNCSERVERS="1:root"
其中，1表示桌面号，root表示启动用户，
如果要启动多个VNCServer，之间用空格隔开，例如：
VNCSERVERS="1:root2:oracle 3:grid"
f .自动启动vncserver服务
a).执行以下命令查看vncserver服务状态：
chkconfig--list vncserver
b).修改vncserver服务自动启动：
chkconfig--level 345 vncserver on
客户端连接
ip:端口号（5900+桌面号，密码为vncpasswd设置密码）
vncserver -kill :2
描述 | OS 组名 | 分配给该组OS用户 | Oracle 权限 |
Oracle 清单和软件所有者 | oinstall | grid、oracle | |
Oracle 自动存储管理组 | asmadmin | grid | SYSASM |
ASM 数据库管理员组 | asmdba | grid、oracle | ASM 的 SYSDBA |
ASM 操作员组 | asmoper | grid | ASM 的 SYSOPER |
数据库管理员 | dba | grid,oracle | SYSDBA |
数据库操作员 | oper | oracle | SYSOPER |
新建组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60001 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60002 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60003 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60004 backupdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60005 dgdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60006 kmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60007 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60008 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60009 asmadmin
新建用户
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,operoracle
usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall-G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
创建目录
mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.1.0.1/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall/oracle/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /oracle
1、使用udev绑定方式，配置文件见文档
文件路径/etc/udev/rule.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted--replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb-----盘符名称获取uuid
[root@rac01 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb
14f504e46494c450031556d7232542d4b416e362d4e624553
绑定格式
KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted--replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="14f504e46494c45004272785573692d476441622d66676939",NAME="asm-diskdata1", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
[root@rac01 rules.d]# ll /dev/sd*--------查看设备
[root@rac01 ~]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 May 30 08:13/dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 May 30 08:13/dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 May 30 08:13/dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 3 May 30 08:13/dev/sda3
[root@rac01 rules.d]# ll /dev/asm*-------查看绑定
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-diskdata1
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-diskdata3
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-diskdata4
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-diskdatar2
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-fl
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 May 3008:13 /dev/asm-ocr
scp root@192.168.12.54：/etc/udev/rule.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
/etc/udev/rule.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
修改环境变量
root
vi /etc/profile
#ORACLE SETTING
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
[root@rac02~]# source /etc/profile
节点一：
修改grid用户登录脚本
vi .bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp
export
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid; exportORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.1.0.1/grid;export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
修改oracle用户登录脚本
export TMP=/tmp
export
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME= racdb3
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; exportORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID= racdb3; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;exportNLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;
export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
节点二
Grid用户
export TMP=/tmp
export
export TMPDIR=$TMP
ORACLE_SID=+ASM2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid; exportORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.1.0.1/grid;export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
oracle
export
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME= racdb4
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; exportORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID= racdb4; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;exportNLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;
export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
修改内核参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
在修改完内核参数后，确保运行以下命令，以使修改立即生效，否则可能在检查CRS可用性时，会检查失败。
#/sbin/sysctl -p
配置shell limit
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加以下内容
#ORACLE SETTING
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
vi /etc/pam.d/login
添加以下内容
#ORACLE SETTING
session required pam_limits.so
两台机器上分别要以oracle和grid用户执行
[oracle@node1 ~]$ mkdir ~/.ssh
[oracle@node1 ~]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
[oracle@node1 ~]$ssh-keygen -t rsa
[oracle@node1 ~]$ssh-keygen -t dsa
节点一上以oracle执行
[oracle@node1~]$cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@node1~]$cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@node1~]$ssh oracle-rac04-db04 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@node1~]$ssh oracle-rac04-db04 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@node1 ~]$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys oracle-rac04-db04:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
检查是否需要密码登陆（分别以oracle执行）
[oracle@node1~]$ssh oracle-rac04-db04 date
[oracle@node1~]$ssh oracle-rac03-db03 date
[oracle@node1~]$ssh rac03-db03-priv date
[oracle@node1~]$ssh rac04-db04-priv date
切换至node2执行（分别以oracle执行）
[oracle@node2~]$ssh node1 date
[oracle@node2~]$ssh node2 date
[oracle@node2~]$ssh node1-priv date
方法：使用sshUserSetup.sh快速创建互信
sshUserSetup.sh在GI安装介质解压缩后的oui/prov/resources/scripts目录下。
下面两条命令在一个节点上执行即可（可以在root用户下执行）：
/home/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts #./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac2 rac1" -advanced -exverify –confirm #./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "rac2 rac1" -advanced -exverify -confirm |
使用udev绑定方式，配置文件见文档
文件路径/etc/udev/rule.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted--replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb-----盘符名称获取uuid
绑定格式
KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted--replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="14f504e46494c45004272785573692d476441622d66676939",NAME="asm-diskdata1", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
1、IP配置（注意机器名不要大写）
[root@iap-gz-rac05~]# cat /etc/hosts
2、内存空间大小
[root@iap-gz-rac05~]# free -m
3、操作系统用户、oracle和grid环境变量
4、免密码登录验证(oracle和grid用户）
5、其他（grid用户）
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n oracle-rac03-db03,oracle-rac04-db04 -verbose
常见错误问题解决
Oracle Database 12c Release 1
OCR裁决盘需要5G
Oracle Database 12c Release 2集群安装
A、注意文件解压要放在环境变量定义的ORALCE_HOME下，否则报错
B、安装过程中会建立两个asm磁盘组
这里说一下配置磁盘，在Oracle12c里引入了MGMTDB的概念，这个在12.1的RAC里是与OCR在同一个磁盘组里，而且占用的空间大概有几个G，但到了12cR2中，MGMT可以与OCR在同一个磁盘组也可以单独使用一个磁盘组，Oracle默认是单独使用，但在12cR2中MGMTDB占的空间特别的大，要求磁盘空间要在38G以上才行。所以我这里分配的空间容量是sdb和sdc做OCR的磁盘，每个2G，sdd和sde做MGMT的磁盘，每个20G，sdf和sdg做DATA的磁盘。如果空间不中会安装时会报如下图的错误：
C、修改磁盘属性---------------- 需要检查哪些盘，创建磁盘组的磁盘
#echo deadline >/sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler
#echo deadline > /sys/block/sdd/queue/scheduler
验证属性修改结果：
[root@rac1 dev]# more/sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler
noop anticipatory [deadline]cfq
D、安装执行脚本后机器无故被重启，未找到原因
Oracle Database 12cRelease 1和Oracle Database 12cRelease 2的grid安装方式有差别
（1）、软件目录结构差别
（2）、ASM磁盘差别
（3）、Oracle Database 12c Release 2磁盘性质差别
[root@oracle-rac03-db03 grid]# ./root.sh
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are setas:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/12.1.0.1/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copyingcoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created
Finished running generic part of rootscript.
Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.
Relinking oracle with rac_on option
Using configuration parameter file:/oracle/app/12.1.0.1/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
The log of current session can be found at:
/oracle/app/grid/crsdata/oracle-rac03-db03/crsconfig/rootcrs_oracle-rac03-db03_2017-08-18_12-47-54AM.log
2017/08/18 12:48:01 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 1 of 19: ‘SetupTFA‘.
2017/08/18 12:48:01 CLSRSC-4001: InstallingOracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector.
2017/08/18 12:49:26 CLSRSC-4002:Successfully installed Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector.
2017/08/18 12:49:26 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 2 of 19: ‘ValidateEnv‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:36 CLSRSC-363: Userignored prerequisites during installation
2017/08/18 12:49:36 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 3 of 19: ‘CheckFirstNode‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:38 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 4 of 19: ‘GenSiteGUIDs‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:39 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 5 of 19: ‘SaveParamFile‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:45 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 6 of 19: ‘SetupOSD‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:46 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 7 of 19: ‘CheckCRSConfig‘.
2017/08/18 12:49:46 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 8 of 19: ‘SetupLocalGPNP‘.
2017/08/18 12:50:08 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 9 of 19: ‘ConfigOLR‘.
2017/08/18 12:50:17 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 10 of 19: ‘ConfigCHMOS‘.
2017/08/18 12:50:17 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 11 of 19: ‘CreateOHASD‘.
2017/08/18 12:50:22 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 12 of 19: ‘ConfigOHASD‘.
2017/08/18 12:50:50 CLSRSC-330: AddingClusterware entries to file ‘oracle-ohasd.conf‘
2017/08/18 12:51:31 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 13 of 19: ‘InstallAFD‘.
2017/08/18 12:51:34 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 14 of 19: ‘InstallACFS‘.
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been stopped.
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been started.
2017/08/18 12:52:43 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 15 of 19: ‘InstallKA‘.
2017/08/18 12:52:47 CLSRSC-594: Executinginstallation step 16 of 19: ‘InitConfig‘.
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been stopped.
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been started.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.evmd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.mdnsd‘on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.evmd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.mdnsd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gpnpd‘on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gpnpd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start‘ora.cssdmonitor‘ on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gipcd‘on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.cssdmonitor‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gipcd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘ succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.cssd‘ on‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.diskmon‘on ‘oracle-rac03-db03‘
CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.diskmon‘ o 本文系统来源：http://11310506.blog.51cto.com/11300506/1957853
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