现代Java服务端开发核心技术之CentOS7.5安装MySQL5.7
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目前主流的MySQL版本为5.6和5.7两个版本，这里介绍MySQL5.7在centOS7.5下的安装、基本配置(修改密码、远程连接、开机启动)及其使用Navicat连接MySQL。
MySQL的下载和安装
首先检查系统中是否已经安装过MySQL，以下提供两种方式
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# yum list installed |grep mysql
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
如果已经安装过，可以使用如下命令删除
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# yum -y remove
下载MySQL
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
解压缩并复制到/usr/local/mysql目录下
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
创建数据存储目录
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
新建mysql用户、组和目录
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# groupadd mysql
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -d /usr/local/mysql/
改变目录所有者
[root@ittimeline Downloads]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@ittimeline mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@ittimeline mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@ittimeline mysql]# chown -R mysql /data/mysql
MySQL初始化参数配置
指定mysql服务端的用户以及安装目录和数据存放的目录以及生成root账号密码
[root@ittimeline mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2018-10-27T03:09:02.164480Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-10-27T03:09:02.764905Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-10-27T03:09:02.852039Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-10-27T03:09:02.923109Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a8263578-d995-11e8-a863-000c29be37a9.
2018-10-27T03:09:02.924734Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.
2018-10-27T03:09:02.925516Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <Xdfhi4Wvy6(
此处需要注意生成的临时密码 ，如上问结尾处的<Xdfhi4Wvy6(
[root@ittimeline mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql
修改系统配置文件，复制mysql.server到/etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ittimeline mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@ittimeline support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ittimeline support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql
然后配置mysql的安装目录和数据存储目录，修改以下内容
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
MySQL的启动和登录
启动MySQL
[root@ittimeline support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/ittimeline.net.err‘.
SUCCESS!
重启MySQL
[root@ittimeline ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
本机客户端登录MySQL
[root@ittimeline support-files]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p
bash: mysql: command not found...
#创建一个软连接
[root@ittimeline support-files]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
#再次登录MySQL,输入之前的临时密码
[root@ittimeline support-files]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.24
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
MySQL的基本配置
- 修改随机生成的root密码
由于MySQL的初始化随机密码不太容易记住，因此这里需要修改生成的随机密码，在使用root登录MySQL后使用如下命令修改，即root用户的密码为root
[root@ittimeline ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password(‘root‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
- 配置远程登录连接
通过授权root账号，设置root的host为%，表示任意的客户端都可以通过root账户登录到MySQL服务器。
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘root‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看mysql数据库的user表的host信息，当root的host值为%则可以实现远程链接
mysql> use mysql; ##切换到mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user; ##查看user信息
+-----------+---------------+
| host | user |
+-----------+---------------+
| % | root |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- MySQL设置开机启动
[root@ittimeline bin]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ittimeline bin]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@ittimeline bin]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
检测是否开机启动成功
[root@ittimeline bin]# reboot #重启系统
[root@ittimeline ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql #使用ps命令查看MySQL进程信息
root 1052 1 0 21:10 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/ittimeline.net.pid
mysql 1242 1052 1 21:10 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=ittimeline.net.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/ittimeline.net.pid
root 1902 1855 0 21:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
MySQL的远程连接
通常情况下都是通过MySQL客户端(例如Navicat)来远程连接MySQL服务端，首先使用ifconfig命令查看MySQL所在的centOS服务的IP地址
[root@ittimeline ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febe:37a9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:37:a9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1412887 bytes 2058226957 (1.9 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 276749 bytes 22287862 (21.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
然后检测防火墙的状态
systemctrl status firewalld 命令显示当前防火墙正在运行，如下所示
[root@ittimeline ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-10-26 20:42:21 PDT; 24s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 9444 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─9444 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
此时我们需要使用 systemctl stop firewalld关闭防火墙
[root@ittimeline ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
或者使用如下命令让防火墙放行3306端口
[root@ittimeline ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@ittimeline ~]# service firewalld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart firewalld.service
然后使用Navicat客户端登录MySQL服务，如下图所示
现代Java服务端开发核心技术之CentOS7.5安装MySQL5.7
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本文系统来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/ittimeline/p/9865083.html
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