详细介绍MySQL之-Centos安装多个mysql数据库的配置实例
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Linux操作系统:centOS6.5 64bit(安装了系统默认开发包)数据库一:
MYSQL版本:mysql-5.0.56
PORT:3306
系统目录:/usr/local/mysql3306
数据库二:
MYSQL版本:mysql-5.1.72
PORT:3307
系统目录:/usr/local/mysql3307
一.安装开发包(使用默认CENTOS更新源):
<pre name="code" class="plain"># yum -y install wget gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake make perl bison openssl openssl-devel gcc* libxml2 libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg* libpng* freetype*
二.关闭iptables和SELINUX
# service iptables stop # setenforce 0 # vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux --------------- SELINUX=disabled
三.安装mysql数据库实例
1.下载编译包
# su - # mkdir ~/src # cd src # wget http://www.gxlcms.com/ # wget http://www.gxlcms.com/
2.安装前的初始配置工作：
1).创建一个Mysql用户
# useradd mysql
2).新建mysql下data和log子目录
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log3).修改目录的所属者以及所属组权限
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log/
# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/data
# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/log4).创建mysql相关目录并配置权限
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc
# mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld{3306,3307}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld{3306,3307}
# mkdir -p /var/lib/mysqld{3306,3307}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysqld{3306,3307}
# cp /etc/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql{3306,3307}/etc3.解包编译安装
编译数据库一:
# cd ~/src # tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.56.tar.gz # cd mysql-5.0.56 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql3306 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --sysconfdir=/usr/local/mysql3306/etc --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data --with-tcp-port=3306 -enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=utf-8 -with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=csv,innobase,myisam,heap --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql3306.sock # make # make install
编译数据库二:
# cd ~/src # tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.71.tar.gz # cd mysql-5.1.71 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql3307 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --sysconfdir=/usr/local/mysql3307/etc --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data --with-tcp-port=3307 -enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=utf-8 -with-extra-charsets=all --with-plugins=csv,innobase,myisam,heap --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql3307.sock # make # make install
4.编写mysql配置项：
数据库一配置:
# vi /usr/local/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------------------- [mysqld] datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock user=mysql port=3306 pid-file=/var/lib/mysqld3306/mysql.pid # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 max_connections= 16384 skip-name-resolve skip-locking key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 32M table_cache = 3072 thread_cache_size = 256 sort_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M net_buffer_length = 256M thread_stack = 8M query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 2M wait_timeout=7200 interactive_timeout=7200 #log log-error=/usr/local/mysql3306/log/error.log log=/usr/local/mysql3306/log/mysql.log long_query_time=2 log-slow-queries= /usr/local/mysql3306/log/slowquery.log log-bin= /usr/local/mysql3306/log/bin.log expire_logs_days = 15 sync_binlog = 1 max_binlog_cache_size = 4294967295 local-infile=0 default-storage-engine=INNODB [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld3306.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld3306/mysqld.pid
数据库二配置:
# vi /usr/local/mysql3307/etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------------------- [mysqld] datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock user=mysql port=3307 pid-file=/var/lib/mysqld3307/mysql.pid # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 max_connections= 16384 skip-name-resolve skip-locking key_buffer = 256M max_allowed_packet = 32M table_cache = 3072 thread_cache_size = 256 sort_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M net_buffer_length = 256M thread_stack = 8M query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 2M wait_timeout=7200 interactive_timeout=7200 #log log-error=/usr/local/mysql3307/log/error.log log=/usr/local/mysql3307/log/mysql.log long_query_time=2 log-slow-queries= /usr/local/mysql3307/log/slowquery.log log-bin= /usr/local/mysql3307/log/bin.log expire_logs_days = 15 sync_binlog = 1 max_binlog_cache_size = 4294967295 local-infile=0 default-storage-engine=INNODB [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld3307.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld3307/mysqld.pid -------------------------------------------------------
5.将mysql的库文件路径加入系统的库文件搜索路径中
方法一：直接做软链接
# ln -s /usr/local/mysql3306/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
方法二：利用ldconfig导入系统库
# echo "/usr/local/mysql3306/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf # ldconfig
6.输出mysql的头文件到系统头文件
# ln -s /usr/local/mysql3306/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
注: 此处只需将一个mysql实例的库文件添加到系统库,无需多次添加
7.进入相应实例的安装路径,初始化各自配置脚本
数据库一配置:
# cd /usr/local/mysql3306 # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data
数据库二配置:
# cd /usr/local/mysql3307 # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data
8.复制mysql启动脚本到系统服务目录,并更改脚本配置
# cp /usr/local/mysql3306/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3306 # cp /usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3307
数据库一配置:
# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld3006
basedir=/usr/local/mysql3306 datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data conf=/usr/local/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$conf --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$server_pid_file $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & --------------------------------------------
如下图红色标注的为添加的参数:
数据库二配置:
# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld3007
basedir=/usr/local/mysql3307 datadir=/usr/local/mysql3307/data conf=/usr/local/mysql3307/etc/my.cnf $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=$conf --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$server_pid_file $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & --------------------------------------------
如下图红色标注的为添加的参数:
9.系统启动项相关配置
数据库一配置:
# chkconfig --add mysqld3306 #添加开机启动服务 # chkconfig --level 35 mysqld3306 on #设置mysql启动
数据库二配置:
# chkconfig --add mysqld3307 # chkconfig --level 35 mysqld3307 on
10.启动mysql
数据库一启动:
# service mysqld3306 start
数据库二启动:
# service mysqld3307 start
11 添加mysql命令集到系统全局变量
注:如果系统之前未安装mysql客户端,可以将编译好的mysql命令集导入系统全局变量
以后就可以直接使用mysql命令集,而不需要使用绝对路径访问.
# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql3306/bin;export PATH" >> /etc/profile # source /etc/profile
12. 设置初始账户,并登陆后台:
数据库一:
# /usr/local/mysql3306/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456 #设置超级管理员密码 # /usr/local/mysql3306/bin/mysql -P3306 -S/tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p123456 #连接数据库
数据库二:
# /usr/local/mysql3307/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456 #设置超级管理员密码 # /usr/local/mysql3307/bin/mysql -P3307 -S/tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -p123456 #连接数据库
注: 因为加了mysql环境变量,以后系统后台可以直接使用mysql命令登录,这里使用绝对路径是为了规范操作
# mysql -P3307 -S/tmp/mysql3307.sock -uroot -p123456
13.端口测试:
#lsof -i:3306 #lsof -i:3307
OK,大功告成!
四、问题
1、-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory
安装过程中执行
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql3306/data
报错信息为:
-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory
说明在mysql的安装目录下没有scripts目录，此时，可以将解压的源码中的script目录拷贝到安装目录下，重新执行命令。
2、cp: cannot stat `/usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server': No such file or directory
安装过程中执行命令
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld3307
报错信息为:
cp: cannot stat `/usr/local/mysql3307/support-files/mysql.server': No such file or directory
将解压的源码中的support-files目录拷贝到安装目录下，重新执行命令
3、env: /etc/init.d/mysqld3307: Permission denied
启动数据库的时候执行命令
service mysqld3307 start
报错信息为：
env: /etc/init.d/mysqld3307: Permission denied
此时要为相应的文件授权，执行命令
chmod a+wrx /etc/init.d/mysqld3307
重新执行启动MySQL数据库服务的命令service mysqld3307 start
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