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深入剖析redisAOF持久化策略
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本篇主要讲的是 AOF 持久化，了解 AOF 的数据组织方式和运作机制。redis 主要在 aof.c 中实现 AOF 的操作。 数据结构 rio redis AOF 持久化同样借助了 struct rio. 详细内容在《深入剖析 redis RDB 持久化策略》中有介绍。 AOF 数据组织方式 假设 redis 内存
本篇主要讲的是 AOF 持久化，了解 AOF 的数据组织方式和运作机制。redis 主要在 aof.c 中实现 AOF 的操作。
数据结构 rio
redis AOF 持久化同样借助了 struct rio. 详细内容在《深入剖析 redis RDB 持久化策略》中有介绍。
AOF 数据组织方式
假设 redis 内存有「name:Jhon」的键值对，那么进行 AOF 持久化后，AOF 文件有如下内容：
*2 # 2个参数 $6 # 第一个参数长度为 6 SELECT # 第一个参数 $1 # 第二参数长度为 1 8 # 第二参数 *3 # 3个参数 $3 # 第一个参数长度为 4 SET # 第一个参数 $4 # 第二参数长度为 4 name # 第二个参数 $4 # 第三个参数长度为 4 Jhon # 第二参数长度为 4
所以对上面的内容进行恢复，能得到熟悉的一条 redis 命令：SELECT 8;SET name Jhon.
可以想象的是，redis 遍历内存数据集中的每个 key-value 对，依次写入磁盘中；redis 启动的时候，从 AOF 文件中读取数据，恢复数据。
AOF 持久化运作机制
和 redis RDB 持久化运作机制不同，redis AOF 有后台执行和边服务边备份两种方式。
1）AOF 后台执行的方式和 RDB 有类似的地方，fork 一个子进程，主进程仍进行服务，子进程执行 AOF 持久化，数据被 dump 到磁盘上。与 RDB 不同的是，后台子进程持久化过程中，主进程会记录期间的所有数据变更（主进程还在服务），并存储在 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 中；后台子进程结束后，redis 更新缓存追加到 AOF 文件中，是 RDB 持久化所不具备的。
来说说更新缓存这个东西。redis 服务器产生数据变更的时候，譬如 set name Jhon，不仅仅会修改内存数据集，也会记录此更新（修改）操作，记录的方式就是上面所说的数据组织方式。
更新缓存可以存储在 server.aof_buf 中，你可以把它理解为一个小型临时中转站，所有累积的更新缓存都会先放入这里，它会在特定时机写入文件或者插入到 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 下链表（下面会详述）；server.aof_buf 中的数据在 propagrate() 添加，在涉及数据更新的地方都会调用 propagrate() 以累积变更。更新缓存也可以存储在 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks，这是一个元素类型为 struct aofrwblock 的链表，你可以把它理解为一个仓库，当后台有 AOF 子进程的时候，会将累积的更新缓存（在 server.aof_buf 中）插入到链表中，而当 AOF 子进程结束，它会被整个写入到文件。两者是有关联的。
下面是后台执行的主要代码：
// 启动后台子进程，执行 AOF 持久化操作。bgrewriteaofCommand()，startAppendOnly()，serverCron() 中会调用此函数
/* This is how rewriting of the append only file in background works:
*
* 1) The user calls BGREWRITEAOF
* 2) Redis calls this function, that forks():
* 2a) the child rewrite the append only file in a temp file.
* 2b) the parent accumulates differences in server.aof_rewrite_buf.
* 3) When the child finished '2a' exists.
* 4) The parent will trap the exit code, if it's OK, will append the
* data accumulated into server.aof_rewrite_buf into the temp file, and
* finally will rename(2) the temp file in the actual file name.
* The the new file is reopened as the new append only file. Profit!
*/
int rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground(void) {
pid_t childpid;
long long start;
// 已经有正在执行备份的子进程
if (server.aof_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
start = ustime();
if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
char tmpfile[256];
// 子进程
/* Child */
// 关闭监听
closeListeningSockets(0);
// 设置进程 title
redisSetProcTitle("redis-aof-rewrite");
// 临时文件名
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
// 脏数据，其实就是子进程所消耗的内存大小
if (rewriteAppendOnlyFile(tmpfile) == REDIS_OK) {
// 获取脏数据大小
size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty();
// 记录脏数据
if (private_dirty) {
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"AOF rewrite: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write",
private_dirty/(1024*1024));
}
exitFromChild(0);
} else {
exitFromChild(1);
}
} else {
/* Parent */
server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
if (childpid == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Can't rewrite append only file in background: fork: %s",
strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
"Background append only file rewriting started by pid %d",childpid);
// AOF 已经开始执行，取消 AOF 计划
server.aof_rewrite_scheduled = 0;
// AOF 最近一次执行的起始时间
server.aof_rewrite_time_start = time(NULL);
// 子进程 ID
server.aof_child_pid = childpid;
updateDictResizePolicy();
// 因为更新缓存都将写入文件，要强制产生选择数据集的指令 SELECT ，以防出现数据合并错误。
/* We set appendseldb to -1 in order to force the next call to the
* feedAppendOnlyFile() to issue a SELECT command, so the differences
* accumulated by the parent into server.aof_rewrite_buf will start
* with a SELECT statement and it will be safe to merge. */
server.aof_selected_db = -1;
replicationScriptCacheFlush();
return REDIS_OK;
}
return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
}
// AOF 持久化主函数。只在 rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() 中会调用此函数
/* Write a sequence of commands able to fully rebuild the dataset into
* "filename". Used both by REWRITEAOF and BGREWRITEAOF.
*
* In order to minimize the number of commands needed in the rewritten
* log Redis uses variadic commands when possible, such as RPUSH, SADD
* and ZADD. However at max REDIS_AOF_REWRITE_ITEMS_PER_CMD items per time
* are inserted using a single command. */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
dictIterator *di = NULL;
dictEntry *de;
rio aof;
FILE *fp;
char tmpfile[256];
int j;
long long now = mstime();
/* Note that we have to use a different temp name here compared to the
* one used by rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() function. */
snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
// 打开文件
fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
if (!fp) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Opening the temp file for AOF rewrite in rewriteAppendOnlyFile(): %s", strerror(errno));
return REDIS_ERR;
}
// 初始化 rio 结构体
rioInitWithFile(&aof,fp);
// 如果设置了自动备份参数，将进行设置
if (server.aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync)
rioSetAutoSync(&aof,REDIS_AOF_AUTOSYNC_BYTES);
// 备份每一个数据集
for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {
char selectcmd[] = "*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n";
redisDb *db = server.db+j;
dict *d = db->dict;
if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;
// 获取数据集的迭代器
di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
if (!di) {
fclose(fp);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
// 写入 AOF 操作码
/* SELECT the new DB */
if (rioWrite(&aof,selectcmd,sizeof(selectcmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
// 写入数据集序号
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,j) == 0) goto werr;
// 写入数据集中每一个数据项
/* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
sds keystr;
robj key, *o;
long long expiretime;
keystr = dictGetKey(de);
o = dictGetVal(de);
// 将 keystr 封装在 robj 里
initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);
// 获取过期时间
expiretime = getExpire(db,&key);
// 如果已经过期，放弃存储
/* If this key is already expired skip it */
if (expiretime != -1 && expiretime < now) continue;
// 写入键值对应的写操作
/* Save the key and associated value */
if (o->type == REDIS_STRING) {
/* Emit a SET command */
char cmd[]="*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
/* Key and value */
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_LIST) {
if (rewriteListObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_SET) {
if (rewriteSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_ZSET) {
if (rewriteSortedSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else if (o->type == REDIS_HASH) {
if (rewriteHashObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
} else {
redisPanic("Unknown object type");
}
// 写入过期时间
/* Save the expire time */
if (expiretime != -1) {
char cmd[]="*3\r\n$9\r\nPEXPIREAT\r\n";
if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,expiretime) == 0) goto werr;
}
}
// 释放迭代器
dictReleaseIterator(di);
}
// 写入磁盘
/* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
fflush(fp);
aof_fsync(fileno(fp));
fclose(fp);
// 重写文件名
/* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
* if the generate DB file is ok. */
if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp append only file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
unlink(tmpfile);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SYNC append only file rewrite performed");
return REDIS_OK;
werr:
// 清理工作
fclose(fp);
unlink(tmpfile);
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error writing append only file on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
// 后台子进程结束后，redis 更新缓存 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 追加到 AOF 文件中
// 在 AOF 持久化结束后会执行这个函数， backgroundRewriteDoneHandler() 主要工作是将 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks，即 AOF 缓存写入文件
/* A background append only file rewriting (BGREWRITEAOF) terminated its work.
* Handle this. */
void backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(int exitcode, int bysignal) {
......
// 将 AOF 缓存 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 的 AOF 写入磁盘
if (aofRewriteBufferWrite(newfd) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
"Error trying to flush the parent diff to the rewritten AOF: %s", strerror(errno));
close(newfd);
goto cleanup;
}
......
}
// 将累积的更新缓存 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 同步到磁盘
/* Write the buffer (possibly composed of multiple blocks) into the specified
* fd. If no short write or any other error happens -1 is returned,
* otherwise the number of bytes written is returned. */
ssize_t aofRewriteBufferWrite(int fd) {
listNode *ln;
listIter li;
ssize_t count = 0;
listRewind(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks,&li);
while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
aofrwblock *block = listNodeValue(ln);
ssize_t nwritten;
if (block->used) {
nwritten = write(fd,block->buf,block->used);
if (nwritten != block->used) {
if (nwritten == 0) errno = EIO;
return -1;
}
count += nwritten;
}
}
return count;
}
2）边服务边备份的方式，即 redis 服务器会把所有的数据变更存储在 server.aof_buf 中，并在特定时机将更新缓存写入预设定的文件（server.aof_filename）。特定时机有三种：
- 进入事件循环之前
- redis 服务器定时程序 serverCron() 中
- 停止 AOF 策略的 stopAppendOnly() 中
redis 无非是不想服务器突然崩溃终止，导致过多的数据丢失。redis 默认是每两秒钟进行一次边服务边备份，即隔两秒将累积的写入文件。
redis 为什么取消直接在本进程进行 AOF 持久化的方法？原因可能是产生一个 AOF 文件要比 RDB 文件消耗更多的时间；如果在当前进程执行 AOF 持久化，会占用服务进程（主进程）较多的时间，停止服务的时间也更长（？）
下面是边服务边备份的主要代码：
// 同步磁盘；将所有累积的更新 server.aof_buf 写入磁盘
/* Write the append only file buffer on disk.
*
* Since we are required to write the AOF before replying to the client,
* and the only way the client socket can get a write is entering when the
* the event loop, we accumulate all the AOF writes in a memory
* buffer and write it on disk using this function just before entering
* the event loop again.
*
* About the 'force' argument:
*
* When the fsync policy is set to 'everysec' we may delay the flush if there
* is still an fsync() going on in the background thread, since for instance
* on Linux write(2) will be blocked by the background fsync anyway.
* When this happens we remember that there is some aof buffer to be
* flushed ASAP, and will try to do that in the serverCron() function.
*
* However if force is set to 1 we'll write regardless of the background
* fsync. */
void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) {
ssize_t nwritten;
int sync_in_progress = 0;
// 无数据，无需同步到磁盘
if (sdslen(server.aof_buf) == 0) return;
// 创建线程任务，主要调用 fsync()
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
sync_in_progress = bioPendingJobsOfType(REDIS_BIO_AOF_FSYNC) != 0;
// 如果没有设置强制同步的选项，可能不会立即进行同步
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC && !force) {
// 推迟执行 AOF
/* With this append fsync policy we do background fsyncing.
* If the fsync is still in progress we can try to delay
* the write for a couple of seconds. */
if (sync_in_progress) {
if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start == 0) {
// 设置延迟冲洗时间选项
/* No previous write postponinig, remember that we are
* postponing the flush and return. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = server.unixtime; // /* Unix time sampled every cron cycle. */
return;
// 没有超过 2s，直接结束
} else if (server.unixtime - server.aof_flush_postponed_start < 2) {
/* We were already waiting for fsync to finish, but for less
* than two seconds this is still ok. Postpone again. */
return;
}
// 否则，要强制写入磁盘
/* Otherwise fall trough, and go write since we can't wait
* over two seconds. */
server.aof_delayed_fsync++;
redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Asynchronous AOF fsync is taking too long (disk is busy?). Writing the AOF buffer without waiting for fsync to complete, this may slow down Redis.");
}
}
// 取消延迟冲洗时间设置
/* If you are following this code path, then we are going to write so
* set reset the postponed flush sentinel to zero. */
server.aof_flush_postponed_start = 0;
/* We want to perform a single write. This should be guaranteed atomic
* at least if the filesystem we are writing is a real physical one.
* While this will save us against the server being killed I don't think
* there is much to do about the whole server stopping for power problems
* or alike */
// AOF 文件已经打开了。将 server.aof_buf 中的所有缓存数据写入文件
nwritten = write(server.aof_fd,server.aof_buf,sdslen(server.aof_buf));
if (nwritten != (signed)sdslen(server.aof_buf)) {
/* Ooops, we are in troubles. The best thing to do for now is
* aborting instead of giving the illusion that everything is
* working as expected. */
if (nwritten == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on error writing to the append-only file: %s",strerror(errno));
} else {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on short write while writing to "
"the append-only file: %s (nwritten=%ld, "
"expected=%ld)",
strerror(errno),
(long)nwritten,
(long)sdslen(server.aof_buf));
if (ftruncate(server.aof_fd, server.aof_current_size) == -1) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Could not remove short write "
"from the append-only file. Redis may refuse "
"to load the AOF the next time it starts. "
"ftruncate: %s", strerror(errno));
}
}
exit(1);
}
// 更新 AOF 文件的大小
server.aof_current_size += nwritten;
/*当 server.aof_buf 足够小,重新利用空间，防止频繁的内存分配。
相反，当 server.aof_buf 占据大量的空间，采取的策略是释放空间，可见 redis 对内存很敏感。*/
/* Re-use AOF buffer when it is small enough. The maximum comes from the
* arena size of 4k minus some overhead (but is otherwise arbitrary). */
if ((sdslen(server.aof_buf)+sdsavail(server.aof_buf)) < 4000) {
sdsclear(server.aof_buf);
} else {
sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
}
/* Don't fsync if no-appendfsync-on-rewrite is set to yes and there are
* children doing I/O in the background. */
if (server.aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite &&
(server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1))
return;
// sync,写入磁盘
/* Perform the fsync if needed. */
if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {
/* aof_fsync is defined as fdatasync() for Linux in order to avoid
* flushing metadata. */
aof_fsync(server.aof_fd); /* Let's try to get this data on the disk */
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
} else if ((server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC &&
server.unixtime > server.aof_last_fsync)) {
if (!sync_in_progress) aof_background_fsync(server.aof_fd);
server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
}
}
细说更新缓存
上面两次提到了「更新缓存」，它即是 redis 累积的数据变更。
更新缓存可以存储在 server.aof_buf 中，可以存储在 server.server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 连表中。他们的关系是：每一次数据变更记录都会写入 server.aof_buf 中，同时如果后台子进程在持久化，变更记录还会被写入 server.server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 中。server.aof_buf 会在特定时期写入指定文件，server.server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 会在后台持久化结束后追加到文件。
redis 源码中是这么实现的：propagrate()->feedAppendOnlyFile()->aofRewriteBufferAppend()
注释：feedAppendOnlyFile() 会把更新添加到 server.aof_buf；接下来会有一个判断，如果存在 AOF 子进程，则调用 aofRewriteBufferAppend() 将 server.aof_buf 中的所有数据插入到 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 链表。
一副可以缓解视力疲劳的图片——AOF 持久化运作机制：
下面是主要的代码：
// 向 AOF 和从机发布数据更新
/* Propagate the specified command (in the context of the specified database id)
* to AOF and Slaves.
*
* flags are an xor between:
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE (no propagation of command at all)
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF (propagate into the AOF file if is enabled)
* + REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL (propagate into the replication link)
*/
void propagate(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dbid, robj **argv, int argc,
int flags)
{
// AOF 策略需要打开，且设置 AOF 传播标记，将更新发布给本地文件
if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd,dbid,argv,argc);
// 设置了从机传播标记，将更新发布给从机
if (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL)
replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
}
// 将数据更新记录到 AOF 缓存中
void feedAppendOnlyFile(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
sds buf = sdsempty();
robj *tmpargv[3];
/* The DB this command was targeting is not the same as the last command
* we appendend. To issue a SELECT command is needed. */
if (dictid != server.aof_selected_db) {
char seldb[64];
snprintf(seldb,sizeof(seldb),"%d",dictid);
buf = sdscatprintf(buf,"*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%lu\r\n%s\r\n",
(unsigned long)strlen(seldb),seldb);
server.aof_selected_db = dictid;
}
if (cmd->proc == expireCommand || cmd->proc == pexpireCommand ||
cmd->proc == expireatCommand) {
/* Translate EXPIRE/PEXPIRE/EXPIREAT into PEXPIREAT */
buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
} else if (cmd->proc == setexCommand || cmd->proc == psetexCommand) {
/* Translate SETEX/PSETEX to SET and PEXPIREAT */
tmpargv[0] = createStringObject("SET",3);
tmpargv[1] = argv[1];
tmpargv[2] = argv[3];
buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,3,tmpargv);
decrRefCount(tmpargv[0]);
buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
} else {
/* All the other commands don't need translation or need the
* same translation already operated in the command vector
* for the replication itself. */
buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,argc,argv);
}
// 将生成的 AOF 追加到 server.aof_buf 中。server.在下一次进入事件循环之前，aof_buf 中的内容将会写到磁盘上
/* Append to the AOF buffer. This will be flushed on disk just before
* of re-entering the event loop, so before the client will get a
* positive reply about the operation performed. */
if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON)
server.aof_buf = sdscatlen(server.aof_buf,buf,sdslen(buf));
// 如果已经有 AOF 子进程运行，redis 采取的策略是累积子进程 AOF 备份的数据和内存中数据集的差异。 aofRewriteBufferAppend() 把 buf 的内容追加到 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 数组中
/* If a background append only file rewriting is in progress we want to
* accumulate the differences between the child DB and the current one
* in a buffer, so that when the child process will do its work we
* can append the differences to the new append only file. */
if (server.aof_child_pid != -1)
aofRewriteBufferAppend((unsigned char*)buf,sdslen(buf));
sdsfree(buf);
}
// 将数据更新记录写入 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks，此函数只由 feedAppendOnlyFile() 调用
/* Append data to the AOF rewrite buffer, allocating new blocks if needed. */
void aofRewriteBufferAppend(unsigned char *s, unsigned long len) {
// 尾插法
listNode *ln = listLast(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks);
aofrwblock *block = ln ? ln->value : NULL;
while(len) {
/* If we already got at least an allocated block, try appending
* at least some piece into it. */
if (block) {
unsigned long thislen = (block->free < len) ? block->free : len;
if (thislen) { /* The current block is not already full. */
memcpy(block->buf+block->used, s, thislen);
block->used += thislen;
block->free -= thislen;
s += thislen;
len -= thislen;
}
}
if (len) { /* First block to allocate, or need another block. */
int numblocks;
// 创建新的节点，插到尾部
block = zmalloc(sizeof(*block));
block->free = AOF_RW_BUF_BLOCK_SIZE;
block->used = 0;
// 尾插法
listAddNodeTail(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks,block);
/* Log every time we cross more 10 or 100 blocks, respectively
* as a notice or warning. */
numblocks = listLength(server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks);
if (((numblocks+1) % 10) == 0) {
int level = ((numblocks+1) % 100) == 0 ? REDIS_WARNING :
REDIS_NOTICE;
redisLog(level,"Background AOF buffer size: %lu MB",
aofRewriteBufferSize()/(1024*1024));
}
}
}
}
两种数据落地的方式，就是 AOF 的两个主线。因此，redis AOF 持久化机制有两条主线：后台执行和边服务边备份，抓住这两点就能理解 redis AOF 了。
这里有一个疑问，两条主线都会涉及文件的写：后台执行会写一个 AOF 文件，边服务边备份也会写一个，以哪个为准？
后台持久化的数据首先会被写入「temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof」，其中「%d」是 AOF 子进程 id；待 AOF 子进程结束后，「temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof」会被以追加的方式打开，继而写入 server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 中的更新缓存，最后「temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof」文件被命名为 server.aof_filename，所以之前的名为 server.aof_filename 的文件会被删除，也就是说边服务边备份写入的文件会被删除。边服务边备份的数据会被一直写入到 server.aof_filename 文件中。
因此，确实会产生两个文件，但是最后都会变成 server.aof_filename 文件。
这里还有一个疑问，既然有了后台持久化，为什么还要边服务边备份？边服务边备份时间长了会产生数据冗余甚至备份过旧的数据，而后台持久化可以消除这些东西。看，这里是 redis 的双保险。
AOF 恢复过程
AOF 的数据恢复过程设计实在是棒极了，它模拟一个服务过程。redis 首先虚拟一个客户端，读取 AOF 文件恢复 redis 命令和参数；然后就像服务客户端一样执行命令相应的函数，从而恢复数据。这些过程主要在loadAppendOnlyFile() 中实现。
// 加载 AOF 文件，恢复数据
/* Replay the append log file. On error REDIS_OK is returned. On non fatal
* error (the append only file is zero-length) REDIS_ERR is returned. On
* fatal error an error message is logged and the program exists. */
int loadAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
struct redisClient *fakeClient;
FILE *fp = fopen(filename,"r");
struct redis_stat sb;
int old_aof_state = server.aof_state;
long loops = 0;
// 文件大小不能为 0
if (fp && redis_fstat(fileno(fp),&sb) != -1 && sb.st_size == 0) {
server.aof_current_size = 0;
fclose(fp);
return REDIS_ERR;
}
if (fp == NULL) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Fatal error: can't open the append log file for reading: %s",strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
// 正在执行 AOF 加载操作，于是暂时禁止 AOF 的所有操作，以免混淆
/* Temporarily disable AOF, to prevent EXEC from feeding a MULTI
* to the same file we're about to read. */
server.aof_state = REDIS_AOF_OFF;
// 虚拟出一个客户端，即 redisClient
fakeClient = createFakeClient();
startLoading(fp);
while(1) {
int argc, j;
unsigned long len;
robj **argv;
char buf[128];
sds argsds;
struct redisCommand *cmd;
// 每循环 1000 次，在恢复数据的同时，服务器也为客户端服务。aeProcessEvents() 会进入事件循环
/* Serve the clients from time to time */
if (!(loops++ % 1000)) {
loadingProgress(ftello(fp));
aeProcessEvents(server.el, AE_FILE_EVENTS|AE_DONT_WAIT);
}
// 可能 aof 文件到了结尾
if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) {
if (feof(fp))
break;
else
goto readerr;
}
// 必须以“*”开头，格式不对，退出
if (buf[0] != '*') goto fmterr;
// 参数的个数
argc = atoi(buf+1);
// 参数个数错误
if (argc < 1) goto fmterr;
// 为参数分配空间
argv = zmalloc(sizeof(robj*)*argc);
// 依次读取参数
for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) goto readerr;
if (buf[0] != '$') goto fmterr;
len = strtol(buf+1,NULL,10);
argsds = sdsnewlen(NULL,len);
if (len && fread(argsds,len,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr;
argv[j] = createObject(REDIS_STRING,argsds);
if (fread(buf,2,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr; /* discard CRLF */
}
// 找到相应的命令
/* Command lookup */
cmd = lookupCommand(argv[0]->ptr);
if (!cmd) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unknown command '%s' reading the append only file", (char*)argv[0]->ptr);
exit(1);
}
// 执行命令，模拟服务客户端请求的过程，从而写入数据
/* Run the command in the context of a fake client */
fakeClient->argc = argc;
fakeClient->argv = argv;
cmd->proc(fakeClient);
/* The fake client should not have a reply */
redisAssert(fakeClient->bufpos == 0 && listLength(fakeClient->reply) == 0);
/* The fake client should never get blocked */
redisAssert((fakeClient->flags & REDIS_BLOCKED) == 0);
// 释放虚拟客户端空间
/* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the
* argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */
for (j = 0; j < fakeClient->argc; j++)
decrRefCount(fakeClient->argv[j]);
zfree(fakeClient->argv);
}
/* This point can only be reached when EOF is reached without errors.
* If the client is in the middle of a MULTI/EXEC, log error and quit. */
if (fakeClient->flags & REDIS_MULTI) goto readerr;
// 清理工作
fclose(fp);
freeFakeClient(fakeClient);
// 恢复旧的 AOF 状态
server.aof_state = old_aof_state;
stopLoading();
// 记录最近 AOF 操作的文件大小
aofUpdateCurrentSize();
server.aof_rewrite_base_size = server.aof_current_size;
return REDIS_OK;
readerr:
// 错误，清理工作
if (feof(fp)) {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unexpected end of file reading the append only file");
} else {
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unrecoverable error reading the append only file: %s", strerror(errno));
}
exit(1);
fmterr:
redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Bad file format reading the append only file: make a backup of your AOF file, then use ./redis-check-aof --fix ");
exit(1);
}
AOF 的适用场景
如果对数据比较关心，分秒必争，可以用 AOF 持久化，而且 AOF 文件很容易进行分析。
—-
捣乱 2014-3-26
http://daoluan.net
原文地址：深入剖析 redis AOF 持久化策略, 感谢原作者分享。
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