java-如何将@WebMvcTest用于单元测试POST方法？
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我正在使用Spring Boot和Mockito运行单元测试,并且正在测试RESTful服务.当我尝试测试GET方法时,它可以成功运行,但是当我尝试测试POST方法时,则失败.我应该怎么做才能解决这个问题？提前致谢！
这是REST控制器的代码：
package com.dgs.restfultesting.controller;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.business.ItemBusinessService;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.model.Item;
@RestController
public class ItemController {
@Autowired
private ItemBusinessService businessService;
@GetMapping("/all-items-from-database")
public List<Item> retrieveAllItems() {
return businessService.retrieveAllItems();
}
@PostMapping("/items")
public Item addItem(@RequestBody Item item) {
Item savedItem = businessService.addAnItem(item);
return savedItem;
}
}
业务层：
package com.dgs.restfultesting.business;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.data.ItemRepository;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.model.Item;
@Component
public class ItemBusinessService {
@Autowired
private ItemRepository repository;
public Item retrieveHardcodedItem() {
return new Item(1, "Book", 10, 100);
}
public List<Item> retrieveAllItems() {
List<Item> items = repository.findAll();
for (Item item : items) {
item.setValue(item.getPrice() * item.getQuantity());
}
return items;
}
public Item addAnItem(Item item) {
return repository.save(item);
}
}
ItemControllerTest：
package com.dgs.restfultesting.controller;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.header;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.business.ItemBusinessService;
import com.dgs.restfultesting.model.Item;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(ItemController.class)
public class ItemControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private ItemBusinessService businessService;
@Test
public void retrieveAllItems_basic() throws Exception {
when(businessService.retrieveAllItems()).thenReturn(
Arrays.asList(new Item(2, "iPhone", 1000, 10),
new Item(3, "Huawei", 500, 17)));
RequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders
.get("/all-items-from-database")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().json("[{id:2, name:iPhone, price:1000}, {id:3, name:Huawei, price:500}]")) // This will return an array back, so this data should be within an array
.andReturn();
}
@Test
public void createItem() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders
.post("/items")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Book\",\"price\":10,\"quantity\":100}")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isCreated())
.andExpect(header().string("location", containsString("/item/")))
.andReturn();
}
}
测试retrieveAllItems_basic()方法没有问题,但是当我尝试为createItem()方法运行JUnit测试时,它不起作用,并且得到了以下信息：java.lang.AssertionError：预期状态：< 201>但是是：< 200>
这是我在控制台中收到的：
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = POST
Request URI = /items
Parameters = {}
Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json], Accept=[application/json]}
Body = <no character encoding set>
Session Attrs = {}
Handler:
Type = com.dgs.restfultesting.controller.ItemController
Method = public com.dgs.restfultesting.model.Item com.dgs.restfultesting.controller.ItemController.addItem(com.dgs.restfultesting.model.Item)
Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = null
ModelAndView:
View name = null
View = null
Model = null
FlashMap:
Attributes = null
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {}
Content type = null
Body =
Forwarded URL = null
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
2018-10-07 17:53:51.457 INFO 55300 --- [ Thread-3] o.s.w.c.s.GenericWebApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@71075444: startup date [Sun Oct 07 17:53:48 EEST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
更新—————————–
我尝试将位置设置为：item / id.
这是控制器的代码：
@PostMapping("/items")
public ResponseEntity<Object> addItem(@RequestBody Item item) {
Item savedItem = businessService.addAnItem(item);
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
UriComponentsBuilder uriComponentsBuilder = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance();
UriComponents uriComponents =
uriComponentsBuilder.path("/item/{id}").buildAndExpand(savedItem.getId());
httpHeaders.setLocation(uriComponents.toUri());
return new ResponseEntity<>(savedItem, httpHeaders, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
这是测试代码：
@Test
public void createItem() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders
.post("/items")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Book\",\"price\":10,\"quantity\":100}")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isCreated())
.andExpect(header().string("location", containsString("/item/1")))
.andReturn();
}
当我为createItem()方法运行JUnit测试时,出现以下错误：org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException：请求处理失败；嵌套的异常是java.lang.NullPointerException
解决方法:
从控制器返回201：由于断言测试期望使用创建的状态返回201,但是控制器返回200(确定).
@PostMapping("/items")
public ResponseEntity<?> addItem(@RequestBody Item item) {
Item savedItem = itemBusinessService.addAnItem(item);
return new ResponseEntity<>(savedItem, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
或修改测试以检查状态为OK(200).如果您不想声明“位置”,请更新测试.
@Test
public void createItem() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders
.post("/items")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Book\",\"price\":10,\"quantity\":100}")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
}
UPDATE-允许响应位置标头
如果您希望“位置”从标头返回,请在下面修改您的控制器和测试用例以检查标头中的位置.
步骤1：在控制器的添加项方法中,添加位置uri并返回.
@PostMapping("/items")
public ResponseEntity<?> addItem(@RequestBody Item item) {
Item savedItem = businessService.addAnItem(item);
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
UriComponentsBuilder uriComponentsBuilder = UriComponentsBuilder.newInstance();
UriComponents uriComponents =
uriComponentsBuilder.path("/item/").buildAndExpand("/item/");
httpHeaders.setLocation(uriComponents.toUri());
return new ResponseEntity<>(savedItem, httpHeaders, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
步骤2：现在您的测试将按预期断言“位置”.
@Test
public void createItem() throws Exception {
RequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders
.post("/items")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Book\",\"price\":10,\"quantity\":100}")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(request)
.andExpect(status().isCreated())
.andExpect(header().string("location", containsString("/item/")))
.andReturn();
}
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