使用GCC驱动程序时,是什么让静态库“不兼容”？

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所以我要做的是在Ubuntu 14.04(x86_64)上我想根据最新发布的1.1.11版本设置musl-libc,此版本目前可用.

我做的是：

>为GCC安装multilib支持：sudo apt-get –no-install-recommended安装gcc-multilib
>分别为32位和64位配置库,并将它们安装到单独的文件夹中：

> CFLAGS = -m32 ./configure –prefix = $HOME / bin / musl-32-bit –disable-shared –target = i386-linux-gnu&&制造&& make install
> CFLAGS = -m64 ./configure –prefix = $HOME / bin / musl-64-bit –disable-shared –target = x86_64-linux-gnu

然后为了构建一个静态链接的premake4,我在premake4生成的Makefile上调用这样的GNU make：

make -j 8 CC=$HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/bin/musl-gcc ARCH=-m32 LDFLAGS="-v -static" verbose=1

这似乎可以解决链接步骤,该步骤可能会爆炸：

Linking Premake4
$HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/bin/musl-gcc -o bin/release/premake4 intermediate/gmake__/premake.o intermediate/gmake__/os_uuid.o intermediate/gmake__/os_pathsearch.o intermediate/gmake__/os_match.o intermediate/gmake__/os_chdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_mkdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_stat.o intermediate/gmake__/os_getversion.o intermediate/gmake__/premake_main.o intermediate/gmake__/os_isdir.o intermediate/gmake__/string_endswith.o intermediate/gmake__/os_isfile.o intermediate/gmake__/scripts.o intermediate/gmake__/path_isabsolute.o intermediate/gmake__/os_rmdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_getcwd.o intermediate/gmake__/os_is64bit.o intermediate/gmake__/os_copyfile.o intermediate/gmake__/lstate.o intermediate/gmake__/ltable.o intermediate/gmake__/lgc.o intermediate/gmake__/lobject.o intermediate/gmake__/lcode.o intermediate/gmake__/lmathlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lbaselib.o intermediate/gmake__/lmem.o intermediate/gmake__/lfunc.o intermediate/gmake__/lparser.o intermediate/gmake__/ldblib.o intermediate/gmake__/lzio.o intermediate/gmake__/lstrlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lvm.o intermediate/gmake__/lauxlib.o intermediate/gmake__/llex.o intermediate/gmake__/lstring.o intermediate/gmake__/ldump.o intermediate/gmake__/ldebug.o intermediate/gmake__/loadlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lopcodes.o intermediate/gmake__/linit.o intermediate/gmake__/ldo.o intermediate/gmake__/lapi.o intermediate/gmake__/liolib.o intermediate/gmake__/loslib.o intermediate/gmake__/lundump.o intermediate/gmake__/ltm.o intermediate/gmake__/ltablib.o    -v -static -L. -s -rdynamic  -lm -ldl
Using built-in specs.
Reading specs from $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/musl-gcc.specs
rename spec cpp_options to old_cpp_options
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04)
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib32/:/lib/../lib32/:/usr/lib/../lib32/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-m32' '-o' 'bin/release/premake4' '-v' '-static' '-L.' '-s' '-rdynamic' '-specs=$HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/musl-gcc.specs' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/collect2 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-musl-i386.so.1 -nostdlib -static -export-dynamic -z relro -o bin/release/premake4 -s $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/crt1.o $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o -L. -L$HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib -L /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/. intermediate/gmake__/premake.o intermediate/gmake__/os_uuid.o intermediate/gmake__/os_pathsearch.o intermediate/gmake__/os_match.o intermediate/gmake__/os_chdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_mkdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_stat.o intermediate/gmake__/os_getversion.o intermediate/gmake__/premake_main.o intermediate/gmake__/os_isdir.o intermediate/gmake__/string_endswith.o intermediate/gmake__/os_isfile.o intermediate/gmake__/scripts.o intermediate/gmake__/path_isabsolute.o intermediate/gmake__/os_rmdir.o intermediate/gmake__/os_getcwd.o intermediate/gmake__/os_is64bit.o intermediate/gmake__/os_copyfile.o intermediate/gmake__/lstate.o intermediate/gmake__/ltable.o intermediate/gmake__/lgc.o intermediate/gmake__/lobject.o intermediate/gmake__/lcode.o intermediate/gmake__/lmathlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lbaselib.o intermediate/gmake__/lmem.o intermediate/gmake__/lfunc.o intermediate/gmake__/lparser.o intermediate/gmake__/ldblib.o intermediate/gmake__/lzio.o intermediate/gmake__/lstrlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lvm.o intermediate/gmake__/lauxlib.o intermediate/gmake__/llex.o intermediate/gmake__/lstring.o intermediate/gmake__/ldump.o intermediate/gmake__/ldebug.o intermediate/gmake__/loadlib.o intermediate/gmake__/lopcodes.o intermediate/gmake__/linit.o intermediate/gmake__/ldo.o intermediate/gmake__/lapi.o intermediate/gmake__/liolib.o intermediate/gmake__/loslib.o intermediate/gmake__/lundump.o intermediate/gmake__/ltm.o intermediate/gmake__/ltablib.o -lm -ldl --start-group /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_eh.a -lc --end-group /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/crtn.o
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/libc.a when searching for -lc
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lc
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [bin/release/premake4] Error 1
make: *** [Premake4] Error 2

相关的是：

/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/libc.a when searching for -lc

现在我不明白的部分是,当我在musl-libc的构建步骤中生成的libc.a(进入$HOME / bin / musl-32-bit / lib / libc文件夹)时(见上文),它证明包含的所有对象似乎都是正确的目标体系结构(所有显示ELF 32位LSB可重定位,Intel 80386,版本1(SYSV),未剥离),因为我可以证明从空发出以下命令时：

find $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib -name '*.o' -exec file {} +|grep -v 'ELF 32-bit LSB  relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped'

事实上,这没有输出.类似地,当使用相同的方法查看构建目录时,我找不到任何与我的期望不符的目标文件.

为了更好的衡量,我决定让objdump告诉我更多有关libc.a的问题,并得出相同的结果：

objdump -a $HOME/bin/musl-32-bit/lib/libc.a|grep 'file format'|grep -v 'file format elf32-i386'

所以我的问题是双重的：

>当GCC被要求链接时,什么使静态库失去“不兼容”的资格？
>我看到的特殊问题是什么？

第一个是我真正感兴趣的,但是第二个我要求分享你的经验,像这样的故障排除.例如,我错过了哪些验证步骤？

请注意,“原生”premake4构建得很好：

make -j 8 CC=$HOME/bin/musl-64-bit/bin/musl-gcc ARCH=-m64 LDFLAGS=-static verbose=1

从-v标志添加到LDFLAGS时的输出,看起来好像目标始终保持在x86_64-linux-gnu.不过,我还没有找到解决这个问题的方法.

解决方法:

简而言之,musl-gcc包装器脚本设置不适合与-m32一起使用.我认为正在发生的事情是,musl-gcc在默认(64位)模式下调用实际的编译器,然后生成的目标文件与(预期的,32位)libc不兼容.

如果将-m32放在生成的包装器脚本中,它可能会起作用.如果你将-m32放在$CC(即CC =“gcc -m32”)而不是把它放在$CFLAGS中,这将在最近的版本中自动发生.

更新：如移动到聊天的讨论中所述,可能还需要添加-Wl,-melf_i386(由于musl-gcc包装器使用的spec文件中的缺陷不支持-m32支持)但仍然似乎不够.

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