Java Spring MVC – java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：javax / servlet / ServletContext
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我正在尝试为我的Java Spring应用程序编写一些JUnit测试,但我不断收到此错误java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：javax / servlet / ServletContext.
测试类：
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AppConfig.class, loader = AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class SampleTest {
@Autowired
public ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Test
public void sampleTest() throws Exception {
fail("this is a fail.");
}
}
pom.xml中：
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
AppConfig.java
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"my.base.package"})
public class AppConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver res = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
res.setPrefix("/");
res.setSuffix(".jsp");
return res;
}
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename("/i18/usermsg");
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
return messageSource;
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
CookieLocaleResolver resolver = new CookieLocaleResolver();
resolver.setDefaultLocale(new Locale("en_US"));
resolver.setCookieName("myLocaleCookie");
resolver.setCookieMaxAge(4800);
return resolver;
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
LocaleChangeInterceptor interceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
interceptor.setParamName("mylocale");
registry.addInterceptor(interceptor);
}
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
}
异常跟踪：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2442)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1808)
at org.springframework.core.type.StandardAnnotationMetadata.getAnnotatedMethods(StandardAnnotationMetadata.java:140)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:290)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processImports(ConfigurationClassParser.java:486)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:276)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassParser.java:230)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:197)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser.parse(ConfigurationClassParser.java:166)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:306)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:239)
at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:254)
at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:606)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:462)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:68)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:200)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:259)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:261)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:219)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:74)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:211)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:67)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletContext
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
... 49 more
这是我第一次编写JUnit测试,所以我不知道你是否有超级善良的人需要额外的信息.如果是这样,我很乐意提供给他们:)
解决方法:
您需要在测试类中使用@WebAppConfiguration批注.以下是documentation所述的内容：
@WebAppConfiguration A class-level annotation that is used to declare
that the ApplicationContext loaded for an integration test should be a
WebApplicationContext. The mere presence of @WebAppConfiguration on a
test class ensures that a WebApplicationContext will be loaded for the
test, using the default value of “file:src/main/webapp” for the path
to the root of the web application (i.e., the resource base path). The
resource base path is used behind the scenes to create a
MockServletContext which serves as the ServletContext for the test’s
WebApplicationContext.
这适用于javax.servlet-api提供的范围.
此外,您不能在用于测试的配置类中使用@EnableWebMvc.如果您创建一个仅用于测试的单独配置类,则最好,而不使用@EnableWebMvc.你可以看一下这个讨论：java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: A ServletContext is required to configure default servlet handling
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