【DB笔试面试598】在Oracle中，如何得到真实的执行计划？
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?题目 部分
在Oracle中，如何得到真实的执行计划？
?答案部分
在Oracle数据库中判断得到的执行计划是否准确，就是看目标SQL是否被真正执行过，真正执行过的SQL所对应的执行计划就是准确的，反之则有可能不准，因此，通过10046事件及如下的几种方式得到的执行计划是最准确的，而从其它方式获取到的执行计划都有可能不准确。
1SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,?NULL,?'ADVANCED?ALLSTATS'));2SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('sql_id/hash_value',CHILD_CURSOR_NUMBER,?'ADVANCED?ALLSTATS'));3SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_AWR('sql_id'));SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,?NULL,?'ADVANCED?ALLSTATS'));
2SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR('sql_id/hash_value',CHILD_CURSOR_NUMBER,?'ADVANCED?ALLSTATS'));
3SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_AWR('sql_id'));
这里需要注意的是，虽然SQL*Plus的AUTOTRACE功能有部分是真实执行了SQL语句的（例如所有DML语句），但是，由于该命令所显示的执行计划来源于调用EXPLAIN PLAN命令，所以，其得到的执行计划依然可能不准确（特别是在使用了绑定变量的情况下）。那么，为什么EXPLAIN PLAN命令里显示的预估执行计划与该SQL真实的执行计划不一样呢？原因有多个方面，常见的情况包括以下几个方面：
① 绑定变量窥视（Bind Peeking）：EXPLAIN PLAN里不会进行绑定变量窥视，但是Runtime Plan里会进行绑定变量窥视，所以，如果发生这种情况，那么会使这两个执行计划产生差异。
② 隐式转换：Explain Plan里不会考虑绑定变量的类型，但是Runtime Plan里会考虑类型，从而有可能会根据绑定变量的类型出现隐式转换，所以谓词（Predicate）会发生变化，使得执行计划也会产生差异。
③ 优化器参数：执行Explain Plan的Session与Runtime Plan的Session不是同一个。如果各个Session之间存在优化器参数差异，那么执行计划也会产生差异。
④ 统计信息收集参数：Explain Plan始终是用最新的统计信息产生执行计划，但是，Runtime Plan不一定会用最新的统计信息。因此也会产生执行计划差异。在收集统计信息时，一个与缓存的游标是否失效的很重要的参数为NO_INVALIDATE。在重新收集统计信息时，可以指定NO_INVALIDATE选项。该选项有TRUE、FALSE和DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE这3个值。如果取值为TRUE，那么表示收集统计信息后不进行游标失效动作，原有的Shared Cursor保持原有状态。如果取值为FALSE，那么表示将统计信息对象相关的所有Cursor全部失效，目标SQL语句在下次执行时就会使用硬解析。如果设置为AUTO_INVALIDATE，那么Oracle自己决定Shared Cursor失效动作，当SQL再次执行时间距离上次收集统计信息的时间超过5小时（隐含参数“_OPTIMIZER_INVALIDATION_PERIOD”决定）则对SQL重新做硬解析。AUTO_INVALIDATE为默认选项。有些DBA在收集统计信息时，没有使用NO_INVALIDATE=>FALSE选项，所以，即使收集了统计信息，执行计划也不会立即改变。可以在表级别设置让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效，设置方法为：
1EXEC?DBMS_STATS.SET_TABLE_PREFS('SH','SALES','NO_INVALIDATE','TRUE');--在收集SH.SALES表上的统计信息时，让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效--在收集SH.SALES表上的统计信息时，让所有依赖于该表的游标不失效
实验一：
1CREATE?TABLE?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?AS?SELECT?*?FROM?DBA_OBJECTS; 2INSERT?INTO?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?SELECT?*?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 3COMMIT; 4SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR; 5 6CREATE?INDEX?IDX_OBJ_LHR?ON??TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR(OBJECT_ID); 7EXEC?DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER,'test_explain_lhr',ESTIMATE_PERCENT?=>?100,CASCADE?=>?TRUE); 8 9VAR?X?NUMBER;10VAR?Y?NUMBER;11EXEC?:X?:=?0;12EXEC?:Y?:=?100000;1314EXPLAIN?PLAN?FOR?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;1516SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);171819SET?AUTOT?ON20SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;2122SET?AUTOT?OFF23SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;24SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));CREATE?TABLE?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?AS?SELECT?*?FROM?DBA_OBJECTS;
2INSERT?INTO?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?SELECT?*?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR;
3COMMIT;
4SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR;
5
6CREATE?INDEX?IDX_OBJ_LHR?ON??TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR(OBJECT_ID);
7EXEC?DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER,'test_explain_lhr',ESTIMATE_PERCENT?=>?100,CASCADE?=>?TRUE);
8
9VAR?X?NUMBER;
10VAR?Y?NUMBER;
11EXEC?:X?:=?0;
12EXEC?:Y?:=?100000;
13
14EXPLAIN?PLAN?FOR?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;
15
16SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);
17
18
19SET?AUTOT?ON
20SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;
21
22SET?AUTOT?OFF
23SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR?T?WHERE?T.OBJECT_ID?BETWEEN?:X?AND?:Y?;
24SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));
下面实验验证了使用EXPLAIN PLAN FOR和SET AUTOT ON方式获取到的执行计划都是不准确的：
?1SYS@PROD1>?clear?scr ?2SYS@PROD1>?CREATE?TABLE?test_explain_lhr?AS?SELECT?*?FROM?Dba_Objects; ?3 ?4Table?created. ?5 ?6SYS@PROD1>?INSERT?INTO?test_explain_lhr?SELECT?*?FROM?test_explain_lhr; ?7 ?872503?rows?created. ?9 10SYS@PROD1>?COMMIT; 11 12Commit?complete. 13 14SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr; 15 16??COUNT(*) 17---------- 18????145006 19 20SYS@PROD1>?CREATE?INDEX?idx_obj_lhr?ON??test_explain_lhr(object_id); 21 22Index?created. 23 24SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,'test_explain_lhr',estimate_percent?=>?100,cascade?=>?TRUE); 25 26PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed. 27 28SYS@PROD1>?VAR?x?NUMBER; 29SYS@PROD1>?VAR?y?NUMBER; 30SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?:x?:=?0; 31 32PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed. 33 34SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?:y?:=?100000; 35 36PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed. 37 38SYS@PROD1>?EXPLAIN?PLAN?FOR?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?; 39 40Explained. 41 42 43SYS@PROD1>?set?line?9999 44SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(dbms_xplan.display); 45 46PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT 47--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48Plan?hash?value:?3299589416 49 50---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51|?Id??|?Operation??????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????| 52---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?| 54|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????| 55|*??2?|???FILTER???????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????| 56|*??3?|????INDEX?RANGE?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???363?|??1815?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?| 57---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 59Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id): 60--------------------------------------------------- 61 62???2?-?filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 63???3?-?access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X)?AND 64??????????????"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 65 6617?rows?selected. 67 68SYS@PROD1>?set?autot?on 69SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?; 70 71??COUNT(*) 72---------- 73????145006 74 75 76Execution?Plan 77---------------------------------------------------------- 78Plan?hash?value:?3299589416 79 80---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81|?Id??|?Operation??????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????| 82---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?| 84|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????| 85|*??2?|???FILTER???????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????| 86|*??3?|????INDEX?RANGE?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???363?|??1815?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?| 87---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 89Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id): 90--------------------------------------------------- 91 92???2?-?filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 93???3?-?access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X)?AND 94??????????????"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y)) 95 96 97Statistics 98---------------------------------------------------------- 99??????????1??recursive?calls100??????????0??db?block?gets101????????329??consistent?gets102??????????0??physical?reads103??????????0??redo?size104????????424??bytes?sent?via?SQL*Net?to?client105????????419??bytes?received?via?SQL*Net?from?client106??????????2??SQL*Net?roundtrips?to/from?client107??????????0??sorts?(memory)108??????????0??sorts?(disk)109??????????1??rows?processed110111SYS@PROD1>?SET?AUTOT?OFF112SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?;113114??COUNT(*)115----------116????145006117118SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));119120PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT121----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122SQL_ID??1r87sg98rdkuf,?child?number?0123-------------------------------------124SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x125AND?:y126127Plan?hash?value:?2428225634128129--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------130|?Id??|?Operation??????????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????|131--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------132|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???????|?????????????|???????|???????|????90?(100)|??????????|133|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????|134|*??2?|???FILTER???????????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????|135|*??3?|????INDEX?FAST?FULL?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???145K|???708K|????90???(2)|?00:00:02?|136--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------137138Query?Block?Name?/?Object?Alias?(identified?by?operation?id):139-------------------------------------------------------------140141???1?-?SEL$1142???3?-?SEL$1?/?T@SEL$1143144Outline?Data145-------------146147??/*+148??????BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA149??????IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS150??????OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')151??????DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')152??????ALL_ROWS153??????OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")154??????INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$1"?"T"@"SEL$1"?("TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR"."OBJECT_ID"))155??????END_OUTLINE_DATA156??*/157158Peeked?Binds?(identified?by?position):159--------------------------------------160161???1?-?:X?(NUMBER):?0162???2?-?:Y?(NUMBER):?100000163164Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):165---------------------------------------------------166167???2?-?filter(:X<=:Y)168???3?-?filter(("T"."OBJECT_ID">=:X?AND?"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=:Y))169170Column?Projection?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):171-----------------------------------------------------------172173???1?-?(#keys=0)?COUNT(*)[22]17417517653?rows?selected.
?2SYS@PROD1>?CREATE?TABLE?test_explain_lhr?AS?SELECT?*?FROM?Dba_Objects;
?3
?4Table?created.
?5
?6SYS@PROD1>?INSERT?INTO?test_explain_lhr?SELECT?*?FROM?test_explain_lhr;
?7
?872503?rows?created.
?9
10SYS@PROD1>?COMMIT;
11
12Commit?complete.
13
14SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr;
15
16??COUNT(*)
17----------
18????145006
19
20SYS@PROD1>?CREATE?INDEX?idx_obj_lhr?ON??test_explain_lhr(object_id);
21
22Index?created.
23
24SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,'test_explain_lhr',estimate_percent?=>?100,cascade?=>?TRUE);
25
26PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed.
27
28SYS@PROD1>?VAR?x?NUMBER;
29SYS@PROD1>?VAR?y?NUMBER;
30SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?:x?:=?0;
31
32PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed.
33
34SYS@PROD1>?EXEC?:y?:=?100000;
35
36PL/SQL?procedure?successfully?completed.
37
38SYS@PROD1>?EXPLAIN?PLAN?FOR?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?;
39
40Explained.
41
42
43SYS@PROD1>?set?line?9999
44SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(dbms_xplan.display);
45
46PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
47---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
48Plan?hash?value:?3299589416
49
50----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51|?Id??|?Operation??????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????|
52----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?|
54|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????|
55|*??2?|???FILTER???????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????|
56|*??3?|????INDEX?RANGE?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???363?|??1815?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?|
57----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58
59Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):
60---------------------------------------------------
61
62???2?-?filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y))
63???3?-?access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X)?AND
64??????????????"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y))
65
6617?rows?selected.
67
68SYS@PROD1>?set?autot?on
69SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?;
70
71??COUNT(*)
72----------
73????145006
74
75
76Execution?Plan
77----------------------------------------------------------
78Plan?hash?value:?3299589416
79
80----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
81|?Id??|?Operation??????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????|
82----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?|
84|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????|
85|*??2?|???FILTER???????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????|
86|*??3?|????INDEX?RANGE?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???363?|??1815?|?????3???(0)|?00:00:01?|
87----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88
89Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):
90---------------------------------------------------
91
92???2?-?filter(TO_NUMBER(:X)<=TO_NUMBER(:Y))
93???3?-?access("T"."OBJECT_ID">=TO_NUMBER(:X)?AND
94??????????????"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=TO_NUMBER(:Y))
95
96
97Statistics
98----------------------------------------------------------
99??????????1??recursive?calls
100??????????0??db?block?gets
101????????329??consistent?gets
102??????????0??physical?reads
103??????????0??redo?size
104????????424??bytes?sent?via?SQL*Net?to?client
105????????419??bytes?received?via?SQL*Net?from?client
106??????????2??SQL*Net?roundtrips?to/from?client
107??????????0??sorts?(memory)
108??????????0??sorts?(disk)
109??????????1??rows?processed
110
111SYS@PROD1>?SET?AUTOT?OFF
112SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x?AND?:y?;
113
114??COUNT(*)
115----------
116????145006
117
118SYS@PROD1>?SELECT?*?FROM?TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(NULL,NULL,'advanced'));
119
120PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
121----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
122SQL_ID??1r87sg98rdkuf,?child?number?0
123-------------------------------------
124SELECT?COUNT(*)?FROM?test_explain_lhr?t?WHERE?t.object_id?BETWEEN?:x
125AND?:y
126
127Plan?hash?value:?2428225634
128
129--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
130|?Id??|?Operation??????????????|?Name????????|?Rows??|?Bytes?|?Cost?(%CPU)|?Time?????|
131--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
132|???0?|?SELECT?STATEMENT???????|?????????????|???????|???????|????90?(100)|??????????|
133|???1?|??SORT?AGGREGATE????????|?????????????|?????1?|?????5?|????????????|??????????|
134|*??2?|???FILTER???????????????|?????????????|???????|???????|????????????|??????????|
135|*??3?|????INDEX?FAST?FULL?SCAN|?IDX_OBJ_LHR?|???145K|???708K|????90???(2)|?00:00:02?|
136--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
137
138Query?Block?Name?/?Object?Alias?(identified?by?operation?id):
139-------------------------------------------------------------
140
141???1?-?SEL$1
142???3?-?SEL$1?/?T@SEL$1
143
144Outline?Data
145-------------
146
147??/*+
148??????BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
149??????IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
150??????OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')
151??????DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')
152??????ALL_ROWS
153??????OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
154??????INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$1"?"T"@"SEL$1"?("TEST_EXPLAIN_LHR"."OBJECT_ID"))
155??????END_OUTLINE_DATA
156??*/
157
158Peeked?Binds?(identified?by?position):
159--------------------------------------
160
161???1?-?:X?(NUMBER):?0
162???2?-?:Y?(NUMBER):?100000
163
164Predicate?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):
165---------------------------------------------------
166
167???2?-?filter(:X<=:Y)
168???3?-?filter(("T"."OBJECT_ID">=:X?AND?"T"."OBJECT_ID"<=:Y))
169
170Column?Projection?Information?(identified?by?operation?id):
171-----------------------------------------------------------
172
173???1?-?(#keys=0)?COUNT(*)[22]
174
175
17653?rows?selected.
& 说明：
有关真实的执行计划的更多内容可以参考我的BLOG：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2152884/
本文选自《Oracle程序员面试笔试宝典》，作者：李华荣。
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