Linux系统中MySQL 5.7.26的安装及初始化操作

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1. MySQL下载

    官网下载地址：?https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

 2. 将下载的软件上传至服务器，进行解压及安装前的环境部署

[root@templates ~]# cd /server/tools/　　#<==== 软件包上传至/server/tools目录下
[root@templates tools]# ll
total 629756
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Mar  2 17:24 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@templates tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz　　#<==== 将软件包进行解压
[root@templates tools]# ll
total 629756
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       129 Mar  2 17:25 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Mar  2 17:24 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@templates tools]# mkdir  /application　　#<==== 创建安装目录
[root@templates tools]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql　　#<==== 将解压后的mysql文件移动至安装目录下
[root@templates tools]# yum remove mariadb-libs -y　　#<==== 检查系统中是否存在mariadb相关软件，若存在进行卸载
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
No Match for argument: mariadb-libs
No Packages marked for removal
[root@templates tools]# rpm -qa| grep mariadb　　#<==== 检查系统中是否存在mariadb相关软件
[root@templates tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql　　#<==== 创建mysql虚拟用户
[root@templates tools]# echo "export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile　　#<==== 将mysql的安装目录加入环境变量
[root@templates tools]# source /etc/profile　　#<==== 使环境变量生效
[root@templates tools]# mysql -V　　#<==== 检查环境变量是否生效
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

 3. 创建数据存储路径，并进行授权。企业中建议使用独立的一块硬盘用来存储数据或者挂存储服务器。

[root@templates tools]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data　　#<====  创建数据存储路径
[root@templates tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data　　#<==== 授权
[root@templates tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/　　#<==== 授权

4. 初始化数据库

方式一：利用 initialize 参数初始化同时，给数据库root@localhost用户设置一个临时密码，该密码过期时间为180天，12位字符(包括大小写字母、数字和字符组成)。

[root@templates ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2021-03-02T09:51:00.108059Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-03-02T09:51:00.479634Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-03-02T09:51:00.560426Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-03-02T09:51:00.631505Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cb7034eb-7b3c-11eb-b8e8-005056b484f7.
2021-03-02T09:51:00.634190Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-03-02T09:51:00.635779Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Juy:kr/fp9LB

方式二：利用 initialize-insecure 参数，无临时密码。

[root@templates ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2021-03-02T09:57:59.911031Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-03-02T09:58:00.396741Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-03-02T09:58:00.574981Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-03-02T09:58:00.688947Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: c5cfe2b3-7b3d-11eb-81fb-005056b484f7.
2021-03-02T09:58:00.691947Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-03-02T09:58:00.693066Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

【注意】如遇到以下报错，解放方法如下

报错：
mysqld:error while loading shared libraries:libaio.so.1:cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

处理方法：
yum  install libaio-devel -y

5. 编辑数据库配置文件

[root@templates ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
server_id=6
port=3306
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

6. 启动数据库

方式一：sys -v 方式启动

[root@templates ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@templates data]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@templates data]# netstat -lntup
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1356/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1083/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1356/sshd           
[root@templates data]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1083/mysqld 
[root@templates data]# service mysqld stop

方式二：systemd方式启动

[root@templates data]# vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service 

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE=5000

[root@templates data]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@templates data]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1224/mysqld         
[root@templates data]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@templates data]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306

【注意】如果用sys-v方式启动数据库，就必须使用该方式进行停止。反之则一样。不能用两种方式中的一种进行启动，而另一种进行关闭数据库！

7.  管理员密码设定

[root@templates data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password xxx　　#<==== 设置数据库管理员密码
Enter password: 　　#<==== 输入旧密码，如果初始化时无临时密码，直接回车即可。后续更改密码也可以使用该命令，但是要输入旧密码。
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

8. 数据库登录验证

[root@templates data]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

部署完成！

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