如何以人类可读的方式打印MySQLdb unicode结果
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这是python程序员的问题.
有谁知道如何以人类可读的方式打印MySQLdb查询结果？
类似于mysql shell打印的表格会很棒.
就像是：
+-----+---------------------+-----------+
| id | now() | aaa |
+-----+---------------------+-----------+
| 28 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
| 77 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
| 89 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
| 114 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
| 116 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
| 252 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | some text |
+-----+---------------------+-----------+
重要说明：它必须是unicode,因为语言不一定是英语.
提前致谢！
例：
MySql部分：
create table test.tmp_ids(id integer);
insert into test.tmp_ids values (28),(77),(89),(114),(116),(252);
python代码：
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select id, now(), 'some text' as aaa from test.tmp_ids")
rows = cursor.fetchall()
print rows <<<<<<<<<<< here instead of just "print rows" I would like to print it as a human-readable table.
解决方法:
我不知道任意unicode的一个很好的解决方案,因为一些unicode可以是超窄或宽,甚至等宽字体似乎不会将所有unicode呈现为具有相同的宽度(参见下面的示例).
然而,George Sakkis’s table indentation recipe的这种变化可能就足够了：
将其保存在文件table.py中：
import operator
import itertools
import re
import math
import functools
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
zip_longest = itertools.izip_longest
def tableinfo(rows,
sep = u'─',
corner = u'·',
delim = None,
corner_delim = None,
prefix = u'│ ',
postfix = u' │',
colsep = u' │ ',
has_header = False,
header = None,
separate_rows = False,
framed = (True, True),
separate_empty_lines = True,
justify = 'right',
wrapfunc = lambda x:x,
width = None,
phantom = None,
**kw):
# Based on: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/267662-table-indentation/
# Author: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/users/2591466/ (George Sakkis)
def row_wrapper(row):
try:
new_rows = [wrapper(item).split('\n') for (item, wrapper)
in zip(row, wrapfunc)]
except TypeError:
# This happens if wrapfunc is not an iterator
# TypeError: zip argument #2 must support iteration
new_rows = [wrapfunc(item).split('\n') for item in row]
return list(zip_longest(*new_rows, fillvalue = u''))
if header:
has_header = True
rows = itertools.chain(normalize([header]), rows)
logical_rows = [row_wrapper(row) for row in rows]
columns = zip(*functools.reduce(operator.add, logical_rows))
max_width = (
[max(len(item) for item in column) for column in columns]
if width is None else width )
if phantom is not None:
max_width = [max(x) for x in zip(phantom, max_width)]
lcorner = corner + sep*(len(prefix)-1) if len(prefix) >= 1 else u''
rcorner = sep*(len(postfix)-1) + corner if len(postfix) >= 1 else u''
delim = itertools.repeat(colsep) if delim is None else itertools.cycle(delim)
corner_delim = (delim_to_corner(delim, sep, corner)
if corner_delim is None else itertools.cycle(corner_delim))
row_separator = (sep*w for w in max_width)
row_separator = (lcorner
+''.join(list(iterjoin(corner_delim, row_separator)))
+rcorner)
dispatch = {'center':unicode.center, 'right':unicode.rjust, 'left':unicode.ljust}
try: justify = itertools.cycle([dispatch[item] for item in justify])
except KeyError: justify = itertools.repeat(dispatch[justify.lower()])
result = []
for physical_rows in logical_rows:
row_result = []
for row in physical_rows:
if separate_empty_lines and not ''.join(row).strip():
row_result.append(row_separator)
else:
pieces = [justifier(item, w) for (item, w, justifier)
in zip(row, max_width, justify)]
row_result.append(
prefix
+ u''.join(list(iterjoin(delim, pieces)))
+ postfix )
result.append(u'\n'.join(row_result))
if has_header and not separate_rows:
result.insert(1, row_separator)
has_header = False
joiner = u'\n'+row_separator+u'\n' if separate_rows else u'\n'
result = joiner.join(result)
top_framed, bottom_framed = framed
if top_framed: result = row_separator+u'\n'+result
if bottom_framed: result = result+u'\n'+row_separator
return result, max_width
def iterjoin(sep, it):
sep = itertools.cycle(sep)
it = iter(it)
yield next(it)
for a, b in zip(it, sep):
yield b
yield a
def normalize(rows):
new_rows = []
for row in rows:
new_rows.append([unicode(elt).expandtabs() for elt in row])
return new_rows
def delim_to_corner(delim, sep, corner):
for d in delim:
d = d.replace(u'│', corner).replace(u'|', corner)
for c in '< >': d = d.replace(c, sep)
yield d
def wrap_onspace(text, width):
# written by Mike Brown
# http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/148061
'''
A word-wrap function that preserves existing line breaks
and most spaces in the text. Expects that existing line
breaks are posix newlines (\n).
'''
words = iter(text.split(' '))
line = next(words)
for word in words:
contemplated_width = (len(line[line.rfind('\n')+1:]) +
len(word.split('\n', 1)[0]))
if contemplated_width >= width:
line += '\n'+word
else:
line += ' '+word
return line
def wrap_onspace_strict(text, width):
'''Similar to wrap_onspace, but enforces the width constraint:
words longer than width are split.'''
word_pat = re.compile(r'\S{'+unicode(width)+r',}')
return wrap_onspace(word_pat.sub(lambda m: wrap_always(m.group(), width), text),
width)
def wrap_always(text, width):
'''A simple word-wrap function that wraps text on exactly width characters.
It doesn\'t split the text in words.'''
return '\n'.join( text[width*i:width*(i+1)]
for i in xrange(int(math.ceil(1.*len(text)/width))) )
def onspace(width):
return functools.partial(wrap_onspace, width = width)
def strict(width):
return functools.partial(wrap_onspace_strict, width = width)
def always(width):
return functools.partial(wrap_always, width = width)
def table(rows,
sep = u'─',
corner = u'·',
delim = None,
corner_delim = None,
prefix = u'│ ',
postfix = u' │',
has_header = False,
header = None,
separate_rows = False,
framed = (True, True),
separate_empty_lines = True,
justify = 'right',
wrapfunc = lambda x:x,
width = None,
**kw):
'''
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ rows │ A sequence of sequences of items, one sequence per row. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ framed │ row separator on top and bottom │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ sep │ Character to be used for the row separator line (if │
│ │ has_header==True or separate_rows==True). │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ delim │ A sequence of column delimiters. The delimiters are │
│ │ repeated in a cycle │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ corner_delim │ A sequence of column delimiters used in row separators, │
│ │ repeated in a cycle. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ prefix │ A string prepended to each printed row. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ postfix │ A string appended to each printed row. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ has_header │ True if there is a row separator between the first and │
│ │ second row │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ separate_rows │ True if all rows are to be separated │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ framed │ True if top (and/or bottom) have a row separator │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ separate_empty_lines │ replace empty lines with a row separator │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ justify │ Determines how the data is justified in each column. │
│ │ Valid values are 'left','right' and 'center', or a list │
│ │ of such values (one element per column). │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ wrapfunc │ A function f(text), or list of functions, for wrapping │
│ │ text; each element in the table is first wrapped by │
│ │ this function. If wrapfunc is a list of functions, then │
│ │ table will apply one function per column. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
│ width │ A list of column widths. If None, the widths will be │
│ │ calculated. │
·──────────────────────·─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────·
'''
result, max_width = tableinfo(
normalize(rows), sep = sep, corner = corner, delim = delim,
corner_delim = corner_delim,
prefix = prefix, postfix = postfix, has_header = has_header, header = header,
separate_rows = separate_rows, framed = framed,
separate_empty_lines = separate_empty_lines, justify = justify,
wrapfunc = wrapfunc, width = width)
return result
def ascii_table(rows,
sep = '-',
corner = '+',
delim = [' | '],
corner_delim = None,
prefix = u'| ',
postfix = u' |',
has_header = False,
header = None,
separate_rows = False,
framed = (True, True),
separate_empty_lines = True,
justify = 'right',
wrapfunc = lambda x:x,
width = None,
**kw):
result, max_width = tableinfo(
normalize(rows), sep = sep, corner = corner, delim = delim,
corner_delim = corner_delim,
prefix = prefix, postfix = postfix, has_header = has_header, header = header,
separate_rows = separate_rows, framed = framed,
separate_empty_lines = separate_empty_lines, justify = justify,
wrapfunc = wrapfunc, width = width)
return result
然后你可以像这样使用它：
import table
data = [
('id', 'now()', 'aaa'),
('28', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u'To \N{INFINITY} and beyond'),
('77', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u"All with me's meet"),
('89', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u' that I can fashion fit \N{BLACK SMILING FACE}'),
('114', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u'\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU}'),
('116', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u'An extra wide unicode: \N{COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN}'),
('252', '2012-03-01 14:24:02', u'\N{THEREFORE}'),
]
print(table.ascii_table(data, has_header = True))
产量
+-----+---------------------+---------------------------+
| id | now() | aaa |
+-----+---------------------+---------------------------+
| 28 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | To ∞ and beyond |
| 77 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | All with me's meet |
| 89 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | that I can fashion fit ? |
| 114 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | ? |
| 116 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | An extra wide unicode: ? |
| 252 | 2012-03-01 14:24:02 | ∴ |
+-----+---------------------+---------------------------+
请注意,对应于id = 114和116的行与其他行不完全对齐.
(有关可用参数的更多信息,请阅读table.table的docstring.)
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