2.26 mysql--主从切换，虚拟IP的实现
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外部存储：
emc商用存储，非常安全，对方工程师无法查看
mysql的MMM架构
MHA的管理员：可以管控多个主从切换实例
后台api
实验环境：
server1：172.25.85.1 主数据库
server2：172.25.85.2 从1数据库
server3：172.25.85.3 从2数据库
server4：172.25.85.4 HMA，实现主从切换的服务器。
注意：虚拟机的内存最好设定为500M
1、实现sever1，server2和server3的gtid的主从复制
1）编辑配置文件
server1
vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
server2
vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
server3
vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=3
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
2)启动数据库，完成初始化，这里只作一个server3的示例
[root@server3 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server3 ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep password
2019-02-27T02:08:53.688078Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: UQgdlbXGg2*b
[root@server3 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
3)给server1，server2和sever3建立gtid主从复制
server1
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'172.25.85.%' identified by 'CCJloveu.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.42 sec)
server2
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.85.1',master_user='repl', master_password='CCJloveu.123',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.20 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
查看状态：IO和SQL都为yes
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.1
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1003
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 1210
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
server3
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.85.1',master_user='repl', master_password='CCJloveu.123',master_auto_position=1;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
查看状态：IO和SQL都为yes
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.1
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1003
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 1210
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
测试：查看是否实现gtid的主从复制
server1：
mysql> create database westos;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> use westos;
Database changed
mysql> create table usertb ( username varchar(10) not null, password varchar(15) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
mysql> insert into usertb values ('user1','111');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> select * from usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 111 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
server2查看数据
mysql> use westos;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 111 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
server3查看数据
mysql> select * from westos.usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 111 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2、准备一台sever4，作为主从切换的调度机，并给sever1-4安装相应的软件
server1-3安装节点包
yum install mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y
Installed:
mha4mysql-node.noarch 0:0.58-0.el7.centos
server4安装全部的MHA包
yum install *.rpm -y
Installed:
mha4mysql-manager.noarch 0:0.58-0.el7.centos
mha4mysql-node.noarch 0:0.58-0.el7.centos
perl-Config-Tiny.noarch 0:2.14-7.el7
perl-Email-Date-Format.noarch 0:1.002-15.el7
perl-Log-Dispatch.noarch 0:2.41-1.el7.1
perl-MIME-Lite.noarch 0:3.030-1.el7
perl-MIME-Types.noarch 0:1.38-2.el7
perl-Mail-Sender.noarch 0:0.8.23-1.el7
perl-Mail-Sendmail.noarch 0:0.79-21.el7
perl-Parallel-ForkManager.noarch 0:1.18-2.el7
3、编辑配置文件
[root@server4 ~]# mkdir /etc/masterha ##创建配置文件的目录
[root@server4 ~]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf ##每一个app.cnf为一个主从切换的实例，可以有多个
编辑如下
[server default]
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha
manager_log=/var/log/masterha.log
master_binlog_dir=/etc/masterha
#master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=CCJloveu.123
user=root
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=CCJloveu.123
repl_user=repl
#report_script=/usr/local/send_report
#secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s server03 -s server02
#shutdown_script=""
ssh_user=root
[server1]
hostname=172.25.85.1
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=172.25.85.2
port=3306
candidate_master=1 ##候选主数据库第一位，意思是主数据库荡机后，server2将成为主数据库
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=172.25.85.3
port=3306
no_master=1 ##sever3不会作为主数据库
4、实现server4免密登陆server1-3，server1-3可以互相免密登陆,并测试
server4
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id server1:
ssh-copy-id server2:
ssh-copy-id server3:
scp -r .ssh/ server1:
scp -r .ssh/ server2:
scp -r .ssh/ server3:
测试：
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Wed Feb 27 11:00:34 2019 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
5、授权server4，可以访问server1-3的数据库,server2，3只可读，检查
server1
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'CCJloveu.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)
server2,3
mysql> set global read_only=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
检查登陆是否可以
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
6、手动切换主数据库
1）关闭server1数据库，（模拟数据库荡机）
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
2）手动切换
server4
[root@server4 ~]# masterha_master_switch --master_state=dead --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --dead_master_host=172.25.85.1 --dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=172.25.85.2 --new_master_port=3306
提示信息：
Selected 172.25.85.2(172.25.85.2:3306) as a new master.
172.25.85.2(172.25.85.2:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded.
172.25.85.3(172.25.85.3:3306): OK: Slave started, replicating from 172.25.85.2(172.25.85.2:3306)
172.25.85.2(172.25.85.2:3306): Resetting slave info succeeded.
Master failover to 172.25.85.2(172.25.85.2:3306) completed successfully.
查看server3数据库的主从状态，发现server3的主数据库为server2
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.2
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2491
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
3)恢复server1作为从库
systemctl start mysqld
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.85.2', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='CCJloveu.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.40 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.2
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2491
Relay_Log_File: server1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 961
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
7、热切换
server4
1)删除之前切换时生成的文件，若有此文件一段时间内是不可以切换的。
[root@server4 ~]# cd /etc/masterha/
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
app1.cnf app1.failover.complete
[root@server4 masterha]# rm -rf app1.failover.complete
2）热切换
[root@server4 masterha]# masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.25.85.1 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
提示：
Wed Feb 27 11:18:55 2019 - [info] 172.25.85.1: Resetting slave info succeeded.
Wed Feb 27 11:18:55 2019 - [info] Switching master to 172.25.85.1(172.25.85.1:3306) completed successfully.
查看server2和server3的状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.1
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 750
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 405
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8、自动切换
1)自动切换监听打开打入后台
[root@server4 masterha]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf &> /dev/null &
[1] 12279
2)关闭server1，模拟荡机
systemctl stop mysqld
3)查看sever3的状态，主数据库为server2
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.2
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2491
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 405
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
4）恢复server1作为从库
systemctl start mysqld
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.85.2', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='CCJloveu.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.40 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.2
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2491
Relay_Log_File: server1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 405
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
9、实现虚拟IP（vip）
server4
1）编辑配置文件
[root@server4 masterha]# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
编辑如下
4 master_binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql
5 master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
6 master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
2）从安装包中，提取测试文件并修改
[root@server4 ~]# tar zxf mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
[root@server4 conf]# cd ~/mha4mysql-manager-0.58/samples/scripts/
[root@server4 scripts]# ls
master_ip_failover master_ip_online_change power_manager send_report
[root@server4 scripts]# cp master_ip_* /usr/local/bin/
[root@server4 scripts]# cd /usr/local/bin/
[root@server4 bin]# vim master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = '172.25.85.100/24';
my $key = '1';
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
sub stop_vip() {
return 0 unless ($ssh_user);
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
[root@server4 bin]# vim master_ip_online_change
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL =>'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my $vip = '172.25.85.100/24'; # Virtual IP
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down";
my $exit_code = 0;
my (
$command, $orig_master_is_new_slave, $orig_master_host,
$orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $orig_master_user,
$orig_master_password, $orig_master_ssh_user, $new_master_host,
$new_master_ip, $new_master_port, $new_master_user,
$new_master_password, $new_master_ssh_user,
);
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'orig_master_is_new_slave' => \$orig_master_is_new_slave,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'orig_master_user=s' => \$orig_master_user,
'orig_master_password=s' => \$orig_master_password,
'orig_master_ssh_user=s' => \$orig_master_ssh_user,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
'new_master_user=s' => \$new_master_user,
'new_master_password=s' => \$new_master_password,
'new_master_ssh_user=s' => \$new_master_ssh_user,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
#print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "\n\n\n***************************************************************\n";
print "Disabling the VIP - $vip on old master: $orig_master_host\n";
print "***************************************************************\n\n\n\n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "\n\n\n***************************************************************\n";
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on new master: $new_master_host \n";
print "***************************************************************\n\n\n\n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
`ssh $orig_master_ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $new_master_ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $orig_master_ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
3)增加执行权限
[root@server4 bin]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2168 Feb 27 12:38 master_ip_failover
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3843 Feb 27 12:39 master_ip_online_change
[root@server4 bin]# chmod +x *
[root@server4 bin]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2168 Feb 27 12:38 master_ip_failover
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3843 Feb 27 12:39 master_ip_online_change
4）给主数据库增加虚拟ip
[root@server2 ~]# ip addr add 172.25.85.100/24 dev eth0
[root@server2 ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:7b:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.25.85.2/24 brd 172.25.85.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.25.85.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:7be2/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
测试
1、首先授权一个外部用户可以访问，虚拟ip
server2(主数据库)
mysql> grant insert,update,select on *.* to ccj@'%' identified by 'CCJloveu.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.65 sec)
测试：使用其他shell（172.25.85.250）
[kiosk@foundation85 ~]$ mysql -uccj -pCCJloveu.123 -h 172.25.85.100
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 29
Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| westos |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
2、删除之前切换时生成的文件，若有此文件一段时间内是不可以切换的。
[root@server4 ~]# cd /etc/masterha/
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
app1.cnf app1.failover.complete
[root@server4 masterha]# rm -rf app1.failover.complete
3、热切换
[root@server4 masterha]# masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=172.25.85.1 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
提示：
Wed Feb 27 13:34:43 2019 - [info] 172.25.85.1: Resetting slave info succeeded.
Wed Feb 27 13:34:43 2019 - [info] Switching master to 172.25.85.1(172.25.85.1:3306) completed successfully.
查看server2和server3的状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.85.1
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 521
Relay_Log_File: server2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 405
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
查看172.25.85.250的shell，发现访问虚拟ip的数据库没有发生变化，（内部主从切换，外部无法得知）
MySQL [(none)]> select * from westos.usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 111 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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