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c-Windows上的Linux交叉编译(链接器输出文件在Linux上无法作为可执行文件运行,并且具有未定义的符号)

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互联网集市收集整理的这篇技术教程文章主要介绍了c-Windows上的Linux交叉编译(链接器输出文件在Linux上无法作为可执行文件运行,并且具有未定义的符号)，小编现在分享给大家，供广大互联网技能从业者学习和参考。文章包含14185字，纯文字阅读大概需要21分钟。

内容图文

我正在尝试使用clang和已编译为具有elf64支持的ld版本在Windows上为linux ELF文件设置交叉编译. clang编译部分很好,它输出在Linux上链接时可以工作的ELF obj文件.我的测试用例cpp只是主要包含一个printf语句.

为了在Windows上尝试链接,我从ubuntu安装程序中复制了所有库,并以正确的顺序指定了作为链接器参数所需的那些(如它们在g所执行的ld调用中所示).问题是,输出文件与Linux上生成的文件略有不同,并且无法作为可执行文件运行.我注意到,例如,在Windows上链接的版本中,存在未定义的符号“ printf”,在Linux版本中它似乎已变成“ puts”.

无论如何,我想知道是否有人知道这里发生了什么.

我实际的链接参数是这样的：

LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --oformat elf64-x86-64 -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -z relro --verbose

LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib

LIBS = I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o Test.o I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o

all:    $(MAIN)
    ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) $(LIBDIRS) $(LIBS) -o Test

$(MAIN):
    clang $(CFLAGS) $(SYSINCLUDES) -o $(OBJS) -x c++ $(SRCS)

在linux上链接：

==================================================
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so succeeded
-lstdc++ (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded
-lm (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

在Linux上的nm输出：

k@system:/shared$nm ./Test
0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
00000000004005e4 T _fini
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400718 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
                 w __gmon_start__
00000000004003e0 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
00000000004005f0 R _IO_stdin_used
                 w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
                 w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
                 w _Jv_RegisterClasses
00000000004005e0 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400550 T __libc_csu_init
                 U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
000000000040052d T main
                 U puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400440 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__

在Windows上链接：

==================================================
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so succeeded
opened script file I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(I:/Linux/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:/Linux/libs/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so
found ld-2.17.so at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so

Windows生成可执行文件的nm输出

k@system:/shared$nm ./Test
0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
00000000004005f4 T _fini
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400728 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
                 w __gmon_start__
00000000004003d8 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000400600 R _IO_stdin_used
                 w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
                 w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
                 w _Jv_RegisterClasses
00000000004005f0 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init
                 U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400530 T main
                 U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400440 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
k@system:/shared$./Test
bash: ./Test: No such file or directory

编辑-更多信息

所谓不运行,是指ubuntu给出以下信息：

bash: ./Test: No such file or directory

这是文件/ ldd的结果

k@system:/shared$file ./Test
./Test: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0xee999db5a0e77d05f50d8fd78a27fc3ac52584b1, not stripped
k@system:/shared$ldd ./Test
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffff2bfe000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5e2b60c000)
    /lib/ld64.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5e2b9eb000)

编辑2-

从那以后,我一直试图接近在linux上复制确切的链接过程.

LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker  I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so -z relro --verbose

LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib

LIBS_BEGIN = I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o 
LIBS_END = I:\\Linux\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libstdc++.so I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a  I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o

all:    $(MAIN)
    ./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) -o Test  $(LIBS_BEGIN) $(LIBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS_END)

更新了Windows上的链接：

==================================================
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeede
d
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64
.so.2

更新后的nm在文件“ Test”上运行

0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400490 t deregister_tm_clones
0000000000400500 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
0000000000400614 T _fini
0000000000400520 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
                 w __gmon_start__
00000000004003f8 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000400620 R _IO_stdin_used
                 w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
                 w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
                 w _Jv_RegisterClasses
0000000000400610 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400580 T __libc_csu_init
                 U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400550 T main
                 U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004c0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400460 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__

llvm-readobj对文件的结果：

I:\LLVM_BUILD\VC12\64\Release\bin>llvm-readobj -file-headers Test

File: Test
Format: ELF64-x86-64
Arch: x86_64
AddressSize: 64bit
LoadName:
ElfHeader {
  Ident {
    Magic: (7F 45 4C 46)
    Class: 64-bit (0x2)
    DataEncoding: LittleEndian (0x1)
    FileVersion: 1
    OS/ABI: SystemV (0x0)
    ABIVersion: 0
    Unused: (00 00 00 00 00 00 00)
  }
  Type: Executable (0x2)
  Machine: EM_X86_64 (0x3E)
  Version: 1
  Entry: 0x400460
  ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40
  SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11C0
  Flags [ (0x0)
  ]
  HeaderSize: 64
  ProgramHeaderEntrySize: 56
  ProgramHeaderCount: 9
  SectionHeaderEntrySize: 64
  SectionHeaderCount: 30
  StringTableSectionIndex: 27

以及实际链接的表面上可执行文件本身：

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1735585/Test

解决方法:

如果该文件存在并且可执行,则“没有这样的文件或目录”错误可能会让人感到困惑.如果未找到ELF解释器(执行共享库链接的程序),则在执行文件时也会出现该错误.

那就是这里发生的事情. readelf -l测试的相关行：

INTERP         0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238
               0x000000000000002e 0x000000000000002e  R      1
    [Requesting program interpreter: I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so]

显然,在Linux系统上找不到解释器.由于某种原因,ldd显示了一个文件映射到该条目的正确解释器.

我无法告诉您如何在Windows构建环境中解决该问题,但是使用正确的解释器,ldd将不会显示映射.例如：

$ldd /bin/true
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bbff000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f94ff99f000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f94ffd73000)

内容总结

以上是互联网集市为您收集整理的c-Windows上的Linux交叉编译(链接器输出文件在Linux上无法作为可执行文件运行,并且具有未定义的符号)全部内容，希望文章能够帮你解决c-Windows上的Linux交叉编译(链接器输出文件在Linux上无法作为可执行文件运行,并且具有未定义的符号)所遇到的程序开发问题。 如果觉得互联网集市技术教程内容还不错，欢迎将互联网集市网站推荐给程序员好友。

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