自适应XAML布局经验总结 （二） 局部布局设计模式1
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内容图文
本系列对实际项目中的XAML布局场景进行总结，给出了较优化的自适应布局解决方案，希望对大家有所帮助。
下面开始介绍局部布局设计模式。
1. 工具栏模式
适用于工具栏，标题等的布局。
此块布局区域外层使用Grid，然后分为两行或三行，标题或工具栏区域为Auto，主要内容区域为*。如果是标题，使用TextBlock，设置文字的字体和字号，还有Margin，把此行撑开。如果是工具栏，可放置一个横向的StackPanel，右对齐，其中放置多个按钮，通过设置按钮的Content，Margin和Padding，把此行撑开。Content可以是文字，也可以是图标或图标加文字。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP1"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="工具栏模式"
Height
="300"
Width
="400"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
Border
Background
="LightCyan"
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
Text
="此处为标题"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
</
Border
>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="1"
Background
="AliceBlue"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
标题和工具栏可以在一行上，这时再放置一个Grid，把该行分为两列，标题在左边，其列为*，工具栏在右边，其列为Auto，标题和工具栏的处理方式和前述方式类似，如果工具栏较高，标题设置为垂直居中对齐即可。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP1a"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="工具栏模式"
Height
="300"
Width
="400"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
Grid
Background
="LightCyan"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="此处为标题"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
<
StackPanel
Grid.Column
="1"
Orientation
="Horizontal"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
</
StackPanel
>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="1"
Background
="AliceBlue"
/>
<
StackPanel
Grid.Row
="2"
Orientation
="Horizontal"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
="按钮1"
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
="按钮2"
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
="按钮3"
/>
</
StackPanel
>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
更复杂的情况，标题可能由多个部分组成，这时标题部分再由Grid分为多个列，前几个列为Auto，最后一个为*，最后一个部分设置文字截断。工具栏部分如果要实现按钮大小相等的效果，可以使用Grid替代StackPanel，Grid设置多列为Auto，并设置 Grid.IsSharedSizeScope ="True"，设置列宽时把SharedSizeGroup 设置为相同的字符串即可。这时再设置按钮的Content，Margin和Padding，按钮的大小都为由最大内容撑开的大小。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP1b"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="工具栏模式"
Height
="300"
Width
="400"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
Grid
Background
="LightCyan"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Grid
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5,5,0,5"
Text
="标题第1部分"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="5,5,0,5"
Text
="-"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Column
="2"
Margin
="5,5,0,5"
Text
="标题第2部分"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
</
Grid
>
<
StackPanel
Grid.Column
="1"
Orientation
="Horizontal"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
=""
/>
</
StackPanel
>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="1"
Background
="AliceBlue"
/>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="2"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
Grid.IsSharedSizeScope
="True"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
SharedSizeGroup
="c1"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
SharedSizeGroup
="c1"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
SharedSizeGroup
="c1"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Button
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="15,5"
Content
="按钮按钮1"
/>
<
Button
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="10,5"
Content
="按钮2"
/>
<
Button
Grid.Column
="2"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="10,5"
Content
="按钮3"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
2. 压缩空白模式
一块显示区域较大，但显示内容较少，这时可以把这块区域使用Grid布局，显示的区域使用Auto，剩余的空白区域使用多个不同比例的*分割。比如左侧的查询栏，两块查询条件区和按钮区是有效显示区，这三块区域使用Auto，四块空白区域使用4*，4*， 4*， 3*分割，能够达到较好的效果。按钮区域又使用了这个模式，分为5列，按钮部分为Auto，空白部分为2*，*， 2* ，中间的*还设置了最小宽15，这样在一定范围内能做到较好的自适应效果。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP2"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="压缩空白模式"
Height
="400"
Width
="600"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
MinWidth
="165"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="3*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Border
Background
="LightCyan"
>
<
Grid
Margin
="10,0"
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="4*"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="4*"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="4*"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="3*"
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
StackPanel
Grid.Row
="1"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="姓名:"
/>
<
TextBox
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="性别:"
/>
<
ComboBox
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="年龄:"
/>
<
TextBox
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
StackPanel
>
<
StackPanel
Grid.Row
="3"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="起始:"
/>
<
DatePicker
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="截至:"
/>
<
DatePicker
Grid.Column
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
StackPanel
>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="5"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="2*"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
MinWidth
="15"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="2*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Button
Grid.Column
="1"
Content
="查询"
Padding
="15,5"
/>
<
Button
Grid.Column
="3"
Content
="清空"
Padding
="15,5"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
Grid
>
</
Border
>
<
Grid
Grid.Column
="1"
Background
="AliceBlue"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
3. 表单模式
如果要完成一个表单，可以使用Grid分为多行多列，行为Auto，列为Auto和*相间，其中标签部分为Auto，填写内容部分为*。每个部分都设置合适的字体字号，Margin和Padding，而不设置固定的大小，这样就能完成一个自适应的表单。如果有的填写内容长些，可以设置跨列为3，跨越两个大的区域，或更大的数跨越更多的区域。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP3"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="表单模式"
Height
="400"
Width
="600"
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
Grid
Background
="LightCyan"
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="Auto"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="*"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
TextBlock
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="姓名:"
/>
<
TextBox
Margin
="0,5"
Grid.Column
="1"
Padding
="2"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Column
="2"
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="性别:"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
<
ComboBox
Grid.Column
="3"
Margin
="0,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Column
="4"
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="年龄:"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
<
TextBox
Grid.Column
="5"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Row
="1"
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="电话:"
/>
<
TextBox
Grid.Row
="1"
Margin
="0,5"
Grid.Column
="1"
Padding
="2"
/>
<
TextBlock
Grid.Column
="2"
Grid.Row
="1"
Margin
="5"
VerticalAlignment
="Center"
Text
="地址:"
TextTrimming
="WordEllipsis"
/>
<
TextBox
Grid.Column
="3"
Grid.ColumnSpan
="3"
Grid.Row
="1"
Margin
="0,5,5,5"
Padding
="2"
/>
</
Grid
>
<
Grid
Grid.Row
="1"
Background
="AliceBlue"
/>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
4. 表格模式
可以使用下述Grid布局组合的方式显示表格数据，但更好的方式是使用DataGrid控件。
首先，在最外层放一个ScrollViewer，设置水平滚动条可见性为Auto，垂直滚动条可见性为Disabled。其中放置一个Border用于显示表格线。在其中放置一个Grid，分为2行，第0行为Auto，第1行为*。
然后，在外层Grid中第0行的位置上放置一个Grid，分为几列，设置一定的宽度，每列中放置一个Border显示表格线，Border中放一个TextBlock，显示列标题，设置水平居中对齐，和合适的Margin。除了最后一列，还放置了GridSplitter，用于调节列的宽度。
最后，在外层Grid中第1行的位置上放置一个ScrollViewer，设置垂直滚动条可见性为Auto。其中放置一个ItemsControl，绑定到合适的数据，设置数据模板为Grid，分为和标题Grid一致的列数，使用SharedSizeGroup保证列的宽度和标题Grid的列的宽度一致。每列中放置一个Border显示表格线，Border中放一个TextBlock，Text绑定到数据中对应的属性上，设置水平居中对齐，和合适的Margin。
<
Window
x:Class
="BlendDemo.DP4"
xmlns
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d
="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc
="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable
="d"
Title
="表格模式"
Height
="600"
Width
="800"
>
<
Grid
>
<
ScrollViewer
Grid.Row
="1"
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility
="Auto"
VerticalScrollBarVisibility
="Disabled"
>
<
Border
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.5"
>
<
Grid
Grid.IsSharedSizeScope
="True"
>
<
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="Auto"
/>
<
RowDefinition
Height
="*"
/>
</
Grid.RowDefinitions
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="200"
SharedSizeGroup
="c1"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="200"
SharedSizeGroup
="c2"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="200"
SharedSizeGroup
="c3"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="200"
SharedSizeGroup
="c4"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
Width
="200"
SharedSizeGroup
="c5"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="0"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="第1列"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
GridSplitter
Grid.Column
="0"
Width
="2"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
/>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="1"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="第2列"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
GridSplitter
Grid.Column
="1"
Width
="2"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
/>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="2"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="第3列"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
GridSplitter
Grid.Column
="2"
Width
="2"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
/>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="3"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="第4列"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
GridSplitter
Grid.Column
="3"
Width
="2"
HorizontalAlignment
="Right"
/>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="4"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="第5列"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
</
Grid
>
<
ScrollViewer
Grid.Row
="1"
VerticalScrollBarVisibility
="Auto"
>
<
ItemsControl
ItemsSource
="
{Binding}
"
>
<
ItemsControl.ItemTemplate
>
<
DataTemplate
>
<
Grid
>
<
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
ColumnDefinition
SharedSizeGroup
="c1"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
SharedSizeGroup
="c2"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
SharedSizeGroup
="c3"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
SharedSizeGroup
="c4"
/>
<
ColumnDefinition
SharedSizeGroup
="c5"
/>
</
Grid.ColumnDefinitions
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="0"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="
{Binding Column1}
"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="1"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="
{Binding Column2}
"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="2"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="
{Binding Column3}
"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="3"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="
{Binding Column4}
"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
<
Border
Grid.Column
="4"
BorderBrush
="Black"
BorderThickness
="0.3"
>
<
TextBlock
Text
="
{Binding Column5}
"
HorizontalAlignment
="Center"
Margin
="5"
/>
</
Border
>
</
Grid
>
</
DataTemplate
>
</
ItemsControl.ItemTemplate
>
</
ItemsControl
>
</
ScrollViewer
>
</
Grid
>
</
Border
>
</
ScrollViewer
>
</
Grid
>
</
Window
>
public class TableDataItem
{
public string Column1 { get; set; }
public string Column2 { get; set; }
public string Column3 { get; set; }
public string Column4 { get; set; }
public string Column5 { get; set; }
}
public partial class DP4 : Window
{
public DP4()
{
InitializeComponent();
var data = new List<TableDataItem>();
for (var i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
data.Add(new TableDataItem { Column1 = "第1列数据", Column2 = "第2列数据", Column3 = "第3列数据", Column4 = "第4列数据", Column5 = "第5列数据" });
}
DataContext = data;
}
}
原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/clockdotnet/p/4518672.html
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