python 面向对象

            ########################面向对象###############

            1
            .面向对象设计（OOD）：将一类具体事物的数据和动作整合到一起

            2
            .面向对象编程（OOP）：用定义类和实例或者对象方法实现面向对象的设计
语法 类名首写字母大写

类数据属性 类函数属性(方法)

python为类内置的特殊属性
类名.__dic__查看类属性
类名.__name__# 类的名字(字符串)
类名.__doc__# 类的文档字符串
类名.__base__# 类的第一个父类(在讲继承时会讲)
类名.__bases__# 类所有父类构成的元组(在讲继承时会讲)
类名.__dict__# 类的字典属性
类名.__module__# 类定义所在的模块
类名.__class__# 实例对应的类(仅新式类中)
类的特殊属性(了解即可)

经典类
class 类名:
    x = 1 # 类数据属性
    def __init__(self):  # self实例化对象自己本身
        pass
    def func(self): # 函数属性
        pass

新式类
class 类名(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def func(self):
        pass

            #
            !/usr/bin/python env
            
#
             encoding: utf-8
            class People:  # 类名
    country = ‘China‘# 类数据属性def__init__(self, name, gender, food):  # 初始化函数
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.food = food

    def eat(self):  # 类函数属性print("%s eat %s" % (self.name, self.food))
        return"eat"def dark():
        print("%s dark %s" % (self.name, self.food))

    def sex(self):
        print("%s gender is %s" % (self.name, self.gender))


p1 = People("lisi", "man", "apple")  # 实例化的对象 实例属性只有数据属性 没有函数属性print(p1.__dict__)  # 查看实例属性 {‘food‘: ‘apple‘, ‘name‘: ‘lisi‘, ‘gender‘: ‘man‘}
# p1.dark()  # 报错 TypeError: dark() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given
p1.eat()  # self = p1实例化对象
People.eat(p1)  # 相当于 p1.eat()

            #
            !/usr/bin/python env
            
#
             encoding: utf-8
            #
             类属性增删改查
            class People:  # 类名
    country = ‘China‘# 类数据属性def__init__(self, name, gender, food):  # 初始化函数
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.food = food

    def eat(self):  # 类函数属性print("%s eat %s" % (self.name, self.food))
        return"eat"def dark():
        print("%s dark %s" % (self.name, self.food))

    def sex(self):
        print("%s gender is %s" % (self.name, self.gender))


p1 = People("lisi", "man", "apple")  # 实例化的对象 实例属性只有数据属性 没有函数属性# 查看类属性print(People.country)

# 修改类属性
People.country = "Chinese"print(People.country)

# 添加类属性
People.sex1 = "man"print(People.sex1)  # manprint(p1.sex1)  # man# 删除类属性del People.sex1
# print(People.sex1)  # AttributeError: type object ‘People‘ has no attribute ‘sex1‘# 函数属性操作def dark():
    print("dark")
People.dark=dark
People.dark()  # dark

            #
            !/usr/bin/python env
            
#
             encoding: utf-8
            #
             实例属性增删改查  实例属性只有数据属性 无函数属性
            class People:  # 类名
    country = ‘China‘# 类数据属性def__init__(self, name, gender, food):  # 初始化函数
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.food = food

    def eat(self):  # 类函数属性print("%s eat %s" % (self.name, self.food))
        return"eat"def dark():
        print("%s dark %s" % (self.name, self.food))

    def sex(self):
        print("%s gender is %s" % (self.name, self.gender))


p1 = People("lisi", "man", "apple")  # 实例化的对象 实例属性只有数据属性 没有函数属性# 查看print(p1.country)

# 修改
p1.country = "Chinese"print(p1.country)

def dark():
    print("dark")
p1.dark=dark
p1.dark()  # dark# 添加
p1.age = "12"print(p1.age)  # 12# 删除del p1.age
print(p1.age)  # AttributeError: ‘People‘ object has no attribute ‘age‘

            #
             对象和实例属性
            class People:  # 类名
    country = ‘China‘# 类数据属性def__init__(self, name, gender, food):  # 初始化函数
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.food = food

    def eat(self):  # 类函数属性print("%s eat %s" % (self.name, self.food))
        return"eat"def dark():
        print("%s dark %s" % (self.name, self.food))

    def sex(self):
        print("%s gender is %s" % (self.name, self.gender))


p1 = People("lisi", "man", "apple")  # 实例化的对象 实例属性只有数据属性 没有函数属性
p1.country = "Chinese"print(p1.country)  # Chineseprint(People.country)  # China

country = "Chinese"class China:
    country = ‘China‘
    l = [1,2,3]
    def__init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        print(‘country:‘, country)

    def eaat(self):
        pass# "."的调用和类 实例属性有关 不用点和它们没关系print(China.__dict__)  # {‘country‘: ‘China‘, ‘eaat‘: <function China.eaat at 0x013DCDB0>, ‘__dict__‘: <attribute ‘__dict__‘ of ‘China‘ objects>, ‘__init__‘: <function China.__init__ at 0x013DCD68>, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__module__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__weakref__‘: <attribute ‘__weakref__‘ of ‘China‘ objects>}
c = China(‘zhangsan‘)  # country: Chineseprint(c.__dict__)  # {‘name‘: ‘zhangsan‘}print("----------")

# 注意 赋值是新增属性，不是更改属性
# c.l = [2,3]
# print(c.l)  # [2,3]
# print(China.l)  # [1, 2, 3]
# c.l.append(4)
# print(c.l)  # [2, 3,4]
# print(China.l)  # [1, 2, 3]print(c.l)
print(China.l)
c.l.append(4)
print(c.l)
print(China.l)
# 显示
# [1, 2, 3]
# [1, 2, 3]
# [1, 2, 3, 4]
# [1, 2, 3, 4]