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Hadoop学习之路（四）Hadoop集群搭建和简单应用

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互联网集市收集整理的这篇技术教程文章主要介绍了Hadoop学习之路（四）Hadoop集群搭建和简单应用，小编现在分享给大家，供广大互联网技能从业者学习和参考。文章包含27962字，纯文字阅读大概需要40分钟。

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概念了解

主从结构：在一个集群中，会有部分节点充当主服务器的角色，其他服务器都是从服务器的角色，当前这种架构模式叫做主从结构。

主从结构分类：

1、一主多从

2、多主多从

Hadoop中的HDFS和YARN都是主从结构，主从结构中的主节点和从节点有多重概念方式：

1、主节点　　从节点

2、master　　slave

3、管理者　　工作者

4、leader　　follower

Hadoop集群中各个角色的名称：

服务	主节点	从节点
HDFS	NameNode	DataNode
YARN	ResourceManager	NodeManager

集群服务器规划

使用4台CentOS-6.7虚拟机进行集群搭建

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软件安装步骤概述

1、获取安装包

2、解压缩和安装

3、修改配置文件

4、初始化，配置环境变量，启动，验证

Hadoop安装

1、规划

规划安装用户：hadoop

规划安装目录：/home/hadoop/apps

规划数据目录：/home/hadoop/data

注：apps和data文件夹需要自己单独创建

2、上传解压缩

注：使用hadoop用户

                [hadoop@hadoop1 apps]$ ls
hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop1 apps]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.5-centos-6.7.tar.gz

3、修改配置文件

配置文件目录：/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop

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A.　hadoop-env.sh

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi hadoop-env.sh

修改JAVA_HOME

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_73

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B.　core-site.xml

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi core-site.xml

fs.defaultFS ：这个属性用来指定namenode的hdfs协议的文件系统通信地址，可以指定一个主机+端口，也可以指定为一个namenode服务（这个服务内部可以有多台namenode实现ha的namenode服务

hadoop.tmp.dir : hadoop集群在工作的时候存储的一些临时文件的目录

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://hadoop1:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

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C.　hdfs-site.xml

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi hdfs-site.xml

dfs.namenode.name.dir：namenode数据的存放地点。也就是namenode元数据存放的地方，记录了hdfs系统中文件的元数据。

dfs.datanode.data.dir： datanode数据的存放地点。也就是block块存放的目录了。

dfs.replication：hdfs的副本数设置。也就是上传一个文件，其分割为block块后，每个block的冗余副本个数，默认配置是3。

dfs.secondary.http.address：secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name</value>
                <description>为了保证元数据的安全一般配置多个不同目录</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
                <value>/home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/data</value>
                <description>datanode 的数据存储目录</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>2</value>
                <description>HDFS 的数据块的副本存储个数, 默认是3</description>
        </property>

        <property>
                <name>dfs.secondary.http.address</name>
                <value>hadoop3:50090</value>
                <description>secondarynamenode 运行节点的信息，和 namenode 不同节点</description>
        </property>
</configuration>

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D.　mapred-site.xml

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi mapred-site.xml

mapreduce.framework.name：指定mr框架为yarn方式,Hadoop二代MP也基于资源管理系统Yarn来运行。

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
                <value>yarn</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

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E.　yarn-site.xml

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi yarn-site.xml

yarn.resourcemanager.hostname：yarn总管理器的IPC通讯地址

yarn.nodemanager.aux-services：

<configuration>

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

        <property>
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
                <value>hadoop4</value>
        </property>
        
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
                <description>YARN 集群为 MapReduce 程序提供的 shuffle 服务</description>
        </property>

</configuration>

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F.　slaves

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ vi slaves

                hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3
hadoop4

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4、把安装包分别分发给其他的节点

重点强调：每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致，安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致
重点强调：每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致，安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致
重点强调：每台服务器中的hadoop安装包的目录必须一致，安装包的配置信息还必须保持一致

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop2:~/apps/
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop3:~/apps/
[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop4:~/apps/

注意：上面的命令等同于下面的命令

[hadoop@hadoop1 hadoop]$ scp -r ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/ hadoop@hadoop2:~/apps/

5、配置Hadoop环境变量

千万注意：

1、如果你使用root用户进行安装。 vi /etc/profile 即可系统变量

2、如果你使用普通用户进行安装。 vi ~/.bashrc 用户变量

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ vi .bashrc

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:

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使环境变量生效

[hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$ source ~/.bashrc

6、查看hadoop版本

                [hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$ hadoop version
Hadoop 
                2.7.5
Subversion Unknown -r Unknown
Compiled by root on 2017-12-24T05:30Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 9f118f95f47043332d51891e37f736e9
This command was run using /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5.jar
[hadoop@hadoop1 bin]$

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7、Hadoop初始化

注意：HDFS初始化只能在主节点上进行

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop namenode -format

                     1 [hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop namenode -format
 2 DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
 3 Instead use the hdfs command for it.
 4 518/03/0311:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
 6/************************************************************
 7STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
 8STARTUP_MSG:   host = hadoop1/192.168.123.102
 9STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
10STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.7.5
11STARTUP_MSG:   classpath = /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpclient-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jets3t-0.9.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-net-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-i18n-2.0.0-M15.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-sslengine-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-math3-3.1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsch-0.1.54.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsp-api-2.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-auth-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/mockito-all-1.8.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/httpcore-4.2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/java-xmlbuilder-0.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-httpclient-3.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.10.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-asn1-api-1.0.0-M20.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/api-util-1.0.0-M20.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-core-1.8.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-framework-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/apacheds-kerberos-codec-2.0.0-M15.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-client-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/curator-recipes-2.7.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/commons-configuration-1.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-nfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xercesImpl-2.9.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-all-4.0.23.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-daemon-1.0.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xml-apis-1.3.04.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/xmlenc-0.52.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-nfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/hdfs/hadoop-hdfs-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr305-3.0.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-impl-2.2.3-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api-2.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guava-11.0.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-json-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-lang-2.6.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-client-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jettison-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-codec-1.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation-1.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-xc-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jetty-util-6.1.26.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/stax-api-1.0-2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jackson-jaxrs-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/commons-collections-3.2.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-client-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-tests-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-api-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-sharedcachemanager-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-registry-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/yarn/hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/paranamer-2.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-servlet-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-io-2.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-server-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/javax.inject-1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/xz-1.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/leveldbjni-all-1.8.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/commons-compress-1.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-guice-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hadoop-annotations-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/protobuf-java-2.5.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/guice-3.0.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/asm-3.2.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/avro-1.7.4.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/jersey-core-1.9.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/junit-4.11.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/netty-3.6.2.Final.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/snappy-java-1.0.4.1.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.5-tests.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.7.5.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar
12STARTUP_MSG:   build = Unknown -r Unknown; compiled by ‘root‘ on 2017-12-24T05:30Z
13STARTUP_MSG:   java = 1.8.0_73
14************************************************************/1518/03/0311:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
1618/03/0311:13:24 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format]
1718/03/0311:13:25 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
1818/03/0311:13:25 WARN common.Util: Path /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
19 Formatting using clusterid: CID-5cc0d14d-6100-4a01-b12c-d1ebfdbd8531
2018/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found.
2118/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair: true2218/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Detailed lock hold time metrics enabled: false2318/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=10002418/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true2518/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec isset to 000:00:00:00.0002618/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2018 三月 0311:13:252718/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap
2818/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
2918/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB
3018/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^21 = 2097152 entries
3118/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false3218/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication         = 23318/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication             = 5123418/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication             = 13518/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams      = 23618/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 30003718/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer        = false3818/03/0311:13:25 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog          = 10003918/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner             = hadoop (auth:SIMPLE)
4018/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup          = supergroup
4118/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true4218/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false4318/03/0311:13:25 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true4418/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
4518/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
4618/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB
4718/03/0311:13:25 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
4818/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: ACLs enabled? false4918/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: XAttrs enabled? true5018/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: Maximum size of an xattr: 163845118/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
5218/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks
5318/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
5418/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB
5518/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^18 = 262144 entries
5618/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.99900001287460335718/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 05818/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 300005918/03/0311:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.window.num.buckets = 106018/03/0311:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.num.users = 106118/03/0311:13:26 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.windows.minutes = 1,5,256218/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
6318/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is600000 millis
6418/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache
6518/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
6618/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB
6718/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^15 = 32768 entries
6818/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-269129172-192.168.123.102-15200468061116918/03/0311:13:26 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name has been successfully formatted.
7018/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Saving image file /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression
7118/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /home/hadoop/data/hadoopdata/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 323 bytes saved in0 seconds.
7218/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 07318/03/0311:13:26 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 07418/03/0311:13:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
75/************************************************************
76SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop1/192.168.123.102
77************************************************************/78 [hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

View Code

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8、启动

A.　启动HDFS

注意：不管在集群中的那个节点都可以

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop1]
hadoop1: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop1.out
hadoop3: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop3.out
hadoop2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop2.out
hadoop4: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop4.out
hadoop1: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [hadoop3]
hadoop3: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop3.out
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

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B.　启动YARN

注意：只能在主节点中进行启动

[hadoop@hadoop4 ~]$ start-yarn.sh
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop4.out
hadoop2: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop2.out
hadoop3: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop3.out
hadoop4: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop4.out
hadoop1: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop1.out
[hadoop@hadoop4 ~]$

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9、查看4台服务器的进程

hadoop1

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hadoop2

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hadoop3

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hadoop4

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10、启动HDFS和YARN的web管理界面

HDFS : http://192.168.123.102:50070
YARN ： http://hadoop05:8088

疑惑： fs.defaultFS = hdfs://hadoop02:9000

解答：客户单访问HDFS集群所使用的URL地址

同时，HDFS提供了一个web管理界面端口：50070

HDFS界面

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点击Datanodes可以查看四个节点

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YARN界面

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点击Nodes可以查看节点

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Hadoop的简单使用

创建文件夹

在HDFS上创建一个文件夹/test/input

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /test/input

查看创建的文件夹

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          02018-03-0311:33 /test
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          02018-03-0311:33 /test/input
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

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上传文件

创建一个文件words.txt

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ vi words.txt

                hello zhangsan
hello lisi
hello wangwu

上传到HDFS的/test/input文件夹中

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -put ~/words.txt /test/input

查看是否上传成功

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test/input
Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup         392018-03-0311:37 /test/input/words.txt
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

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下载文件

将刚刚上传的文件下载到~/data文件夹中

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -get /test/input/words.txt ~/data

查看是否下载成功

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ ls data
hadoopdata  words.txt
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

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运行一个mapreduce的例子程序： wordcount

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop jar ~/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount /test/input /test/output

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在YARN Web界面查看

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查看结果

[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /test/output
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup          02018-03-0311:42 /test/output/_SUCCESS
-rw-r--r--   2 hadoop supergroup         352018-03-0311:42 /test/output/part-r-00000
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /test/output/part-r-00000
hello    3
lisi    1
wangwu    1
zhangsan    1
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$

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原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/qingyunzong/p/8496127.html

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首页 / HADOOP / Hadoop学习之路（四）Hadoop集群搭建和简单应用

Hadoop学习之路（四）Hadoop集群搭建和简单应用

内容导读

内容图文

概念了解

集群服务器规划

软件安装步骤概述

Hadoop安装

1、规划

2、上传解压缩

3、修改配置文件

A. hadoop-env.sh

4、把安装包分别分发给其他的节点

5、配置Hadoop环境变量

6、查看hadoop版本

7、Hadoop初始化

8、启动

9、查看4台服务器的进程

10、启动HDFS和YARN的web管理界面

HDFS界面

YARN界面

Hadoop的简单使用

创建文件夹

查看创建的文件夹

上传文件

下载文件

运行一个mapreduce的例子程序： wordcount

内容总结

内容备注

内容手机端

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A.　hadoop-env.sh