【转】Python中操作mysql的pymysql模块详解
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Python中操作mysql的pymysql模块详解
前言
pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模块，其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。
本文测试python版本：2.7.11。mysql版本：5.6.24
一、安装
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pip3 install pymysql
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二、使用操作
1、执行SQL
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#!/usr/bin/env pytho
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import
pymysql
# 创建连接
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1
‘, charset=‘
utf8‘)
# 创建游标
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
# 执行SQL，并返回收影响行数
effect_row
=
cursor.execute(
"select * from tb7"
)
# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数
#effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = ‘123‘ where nid = %s", (11,))
# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数,执行多次
#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")])
# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据
conn.commit()
# 关闭游标
cursor.close()
# 关闭连接
conn.close()
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注意：存在中文的时候，连接需要添加charset=‘utf8‘，否则中文显示乱码。
2、获取查询数据
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(
"select * from tb7"
)
# 获取剩余结果的第一行数据
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1
# 获取剩余结果前n行数据
# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)
# 获取剩余结果所有数据
# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID，也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
effect_row
=
cursor.executemany(
"insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)"
, [(
"u3"
,
"u3pass"
,
"11113"
),(
"u4"
,
"u4pass"
,
"22224"
)])
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
#获取自增id
new_id
=
cursor.lastrowid
print
new_id
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4、移动游标
操作都是靠游标，那对游标的控制也是必须的
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注：在fetch数据时按照顺序进行，可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置，如：
cursor.scroll(
1
,mode
=
‘relative‘
)
# 相对当前位置移动
cursor.scroll(
2
,mode
=
‘absolute‘
)
# 相对绝对位置移动
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5、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型，如果想要或者字典类型的数据，即：
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
#游标设置为字典类型
cursor
=
conn.cursor(cursor
=
pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute(
"select * from tb7"
)
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1
#{u‘licnese‘: 213, u‘user‘: ‘123‘, u‘nid‘: 10, u‘pass‘: ‘213‘}
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
#游标设置为字典类型
cursor
=
conn.cursor(cursor
=
pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#无参数存储过程
cursor.callproc(
‘p2‘
)
#等价于cursor.execute("call p2()")
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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b、调用有参存储过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor(cursor
=
pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.callproc(
‘p1‘
, args
=
(
1
,
22
,
3
,
4
))
#获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头
cursor.execute(
"select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3"
)
#{u‘@_p1_1‘: 22, u‘@p1‘: None, u‘@_p1_2‘: 103, u‘@_p1_3‘: 24}
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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三、关于pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查询，造成注入
正常查询语句：
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
user
=
"u1"
passwd
=
"u1pass"
#正常构造语句的情况
sql
=
"select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘%s‘ and pass=‘%s‘"
%
(user,passwd)
#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘
row_count
=
cursor.execute(sql) row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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构造注入语句：
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
user
=
"u1‘ or ‘1‘-- "
passwd
=
"u1pass"
sql
=
"select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘%s‘ and pass=‘%s‘"
%
(user,passwd)
#拼接语句被构造成下面这样，永真条件，此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。
#select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1‘ or ‘1‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘
row_count
=
cursor.execute(sql)
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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2、避免注入，使用pymysql提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
user
=
"u1"
passwd
=
"u1pass"
#执行参数化查询
row_count
=
cursor.execute(
"select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s"
,(user,passwd))
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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构造注入，参数化查询注入失败。
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
user
=
"u1‘ or ‘1‘-- "
passwd
=
"u1pass"
#执行参数化查询
row_count
=
cursor.execute(
"select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s"
,(user,passwd))
#内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句，对特殊字符进行了加\转义，避免注入语句生成。
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
# print sql
#select user,pass from tb7 where user=‘u1\‘ or \‘1\‘-- ‘ and pass=‘u1pass‘被转义的语句。
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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结论：excute执行SQL语句的时候，必须使用参数化的方式，否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入
使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入，动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。
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delimiter \\
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql (
in
nid1
INT
,
in
nid2
INT
,
in
callsql VARCHAR(
255
)
)
BEGIN
set
@nid1
=
nid1;
set
@nid2
=
nid2;
set
@callsql
=
callsql;
PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
-
- PREPARE prod FROM ‘select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid<?‘; 传入的值为字符串，？为占位符-
- 用@p1，和@p2填充占位符
EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;
END\\
delimiter ;
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set
@nid1
=
12
;
set
@nid2
=
15
;
set
@callsql
=
‘select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?‘
;
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
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pymsql中调用
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1‘)
cursor
=
conn.cursor()
mysql
=
"select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"
cursor.callproc(
‘proc_sql‘
, args
=
(
11
,
15
, mysql))
rows
=
cursor.fetchall()
print
rows
#((12, ‘u1‘, ‘u1pass‘, 11111), (13, ‘u2‘, ‘u2pass‘, 22222), (14, ‘u3‘, ‘u3pass‘, 11113))
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
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四、使用with简化连接过程
每次都连接关闭很麻烦，使用上下文管理，简化连接过程
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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import
pymysql
import
contextlib
#定义上下文管理器，连接后自动关闭连接
@contextlib
.contextmanager
def
mysql(host
=
‘127.0.0.1‘
, port
=
3306
, user
=
‘root‘
, passwd
=
‘
‘, db=‘
tkq1
‘,charset=‘
utf8‘):
conn
=
pymysql.connect(host
=
host, port
=
port, user
=
user, passwd
=
passwd, db
=
db, charset
=
charset)
cursor
=
conn.cursor(cursor
=
pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
try
:
yield
cursor
finally
:
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
# 执行sql
with mysql() as cursor:
print
(cursor)
row_count
=
cursor.execute(
"select * from tb7"
)
row_1
=
cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count, row_1
|
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/perfectwang/p/8513543.html
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