Python学习随笔_2_基础：列表、元组
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一、列表
列表是Python 最常用的数据类型之一，通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作。
1、定义列表
1 names = ["Cz","Cao","Zhang","Hui","Yang"]
2print(names)
2、元素访问：通过下标
1 >>> names = ["Cz","Cao","Zhang","Hui","Yang"]
2 >>> names[0]
3‘Cz‘4 >>> names[1]
5‘Cao‘6 >>> names[-1]
7‘Yang‘
3、切片访问
1 >>> names = ["Cz","Cao","Zhang","Hui","Yang","Xiang","Xin"]
2 >>> names[1:3] #切片取值为[a,b)区间 3 [‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘]
4 >>> names[:3] #默认从头开始取值 5 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘]
6 >>> names[-3:-1] #切片也能倒取 7 [‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘]
8 >>> names[-3:] #若倒取想获得最后一个值，只能用默认值 9 [‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
10 >>> names[:4:2] #步长为2，取值11 [‘Cz‘, ‘Zhang‘]
4、追加元素
1 >>> names = ["Cz","Cao","Zhang","Hui","Yang","Xiang","Xin"]
2 >>> names.append(‘New_person‘)
3 >>> print(names)
4 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘, ‘New_person‘]
5、插入元素
1 >>> names = ["Cz","Cao","Zhang","Hui","Yang","Xiang","Xin"]
2 >>> names.insert(1,‘New_person‘)
3 >>> names
4 [‘Cz‘, ‘New_person‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
6、修改元素
1 >>> names
2 [‘Cz‘, ‘New_person‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
3 >>> names[1] = ‘Old_person‘4 >>> names
5 [‘Cz‘, ‘Old_person‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
7、删除元素
1 >>> names
2 [‘Cz‘, ‘Old_person‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
3 >>> del names[1] #删除指定下标元素 4 >>> names
5 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xiang‘, ‘Xin‘]
6 >>> names.remove(‘Xiang‘) #删除指定元素 7 >>> names
8 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Xin‘]
9 >>> names.pop() #删除最后一个元素10‘Xin‘11 >>> names
12 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘]
8、获取下标
1 >>> names
2 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘]
3 >>> names.index(‘Zhang‘)
4 2
返回元素第一次出现的下标。
9、统计元素出现次数
1 >>> names
2 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Cz‘]
3 >>> names.count("Cz")
4 2
10、拓展：追加列表
1 num = [1,2,3]
2 >>> names.extend(num)
3 >>> names
4 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Cz‘, 1, 2, 3]
11、列表排序、反转
1 >>> names
2 [‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Zhang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Cz‘, 1, 2, 3]
3 >>> names.sort()
4Traceback (most recent call last):
5 File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
6 names.sort()
7 TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str()
8 >>> names[-1] = ‘3‘ 9 >>> names[-2] = ‘2‘10 >>> names[-3] = ‘1‘11 >>> names.sort()
12 >>> names
13 [‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘Cz‘, ‘Cz‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Zhang‘]
14 >>> #Python 3.x 里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了15 >>> names.reverse() #列表反转16 >>> names
17 [‘Zhang‘, ‘Yang‘, ‘Hui‘, ‘Cz‘, ‘Cz‘, ‘Cao‘, ‘3‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘]
12、列表copy
1 >>> import copy
2 >>> copy1 = ["aa","bb",["ee","ff"],"cc","dd"]
3 >>> copy2 = copy.copy(copy1) #浅copy 4 >>> copy3 = copy.deepcopy(copy1) #深copy 5 >>> copy1[1] = "bbb" 6 >>> copy1[2][0] = "eee" 7 >>> copy1
8 [‘aa‘, ‘bbb‘, [‘eee‘, ‘ff‘], ‘cc‘, ‘dd‘]
9 >>> copy2
10 [‘aa‘, ‘bb‘, [‘eee‘, ‘ff‘], ‘cc‘, ‘dd‘]
11 >>> copy3
12 [‘aa‘, ‘bb‘, [‘ee‘, ‘ff‘], ‘cc‘, ‘dd‘]
Why?
Becase：学习引用后解释，目前记住浅copy时：copy1修改嵌套列表时，copy2同时被修改。
二、一个好玩但不太实用的列表copy例子
一对夫妻，维护同一个银行账户！虽然实际开发中绝对不会这么做。。。
可能还有其他应用场景，但是我没想到。（就连这个也是别处看到的。。。）
1 >>> import copy
2 >>> person = [‘name‘,[‘saving‘,‘100‘]]
3 >>> p1 = person[:]
4 >>> p2 = person[:]
5 >>> p1
6 [‘name‘, [‘saving‘, ‘100‘]]
7 >>> p2
8 [‘name‘, [‘saving‘, ‘100‘]]
9 >>> p1[0] = ‘cz‘10 >>> p2[0] = ‘zhang‘11 >>> p1
12 [‘cz‘, [‘saving‘, ‘100‘]]
13 >>> p2
14 [‘zhang‘, [‘saving‘, ‘100‘]]
15 >>> p1[1][1] = 50 #其中一方花了5016 >>> p1
17 [‘cz‘, [‘saving‘, 50]]
18 >>> p2
19 [‘zhang‘, [‘saving‘, 50]]
三、元组
元组（tuple）跟列表类似，也是存一组数据，只不是它一旦创建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只读列表。
有且仅有的两个方法，如下：
1 >>> names = (‘cz‘,‘zhang‘,‘cao‘)
2 >>> names.count(‘cz‘)
3 1
4 >>> names.index(‘cz‘)
5 0
好，元组学完了。
四、练习
需求（该练习选自http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5717620.html）:
- 启动程序后，让用户输入工资，然后打印商品列表
- 允许用户根据商品编号购买商品
- 用户选择商品后，检测余额是否够，够就直接扣款，不够就提醒
- 可随时退出，退出时，打印已购买商品和余额
1 salary = int(input(‘Please input you salary: ‘))
2 3print(‘‘‘This is a list of goods. Please choose!
4Direct settlement after selection, do not return!
5You can enter Q to leave!
6Thank you!‘‘‘)
7 8 commidity = [[1,‘IPhone‘,6188],[2,‘Honer‘,2188],[3,‘Book‘,58],[4,‘Computers‘,7888],[5,‘Water‘,2],[6,‘CPU_I7‘,3288]]
9 shopping_car = []
1011 stat = ‘0‘1213while stat != ‘Q‘:
14for comm in commidity:
15print(comm[0],‘‘,comm[1],‘‘,comm[2])
1617 stat = input(‘Please input you selection: ‘)
1819if stat == ‘Q‘:
20break2122if salary >= commidity[int(stat)-1][2]:
23 shopping_car.append(commidity[int(stat)-1])
24 salary = salary-commidity[int(stat)-1][2]
25print(‘Choose success！‘)
2627if salary < commidity[int(stat)-1][2]:
28print(‘Sorry, your credit is running low!‘)
2930print(‘‘‘Your balance is：{_salary}.
31You have purchased the following commodities:‘‘‘.format(_salary=salary))
32for shop in shopping_car:
33print(shop[0],‘‘,shop[1],‘‘,shop[2])
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/104cz/p/9547259.html
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