MySQL 5.6对已有Mysql单实例的机器，再添加mysql数据库，实现单机多实例

一、需求：

对已有Mysql单实例的机器，再添加两个mysql数据库，实现单机多实例。

一个绑定在端口3306，另外两个绑定在端口3307，3308；

数据分别存放在/data/mysqldata、/data/mysqldata2、/data/mysqldata3

三个实例均采用InnoDB作为默认的存储引擎，字符编码采用UTF-8；

三个实例均采用相同的性能优化配置参数；

MySQL的源码安装请看我的另一篇博客http://yylinux.blog.51cto.com/8831641/1677165

二、创建支持多实例的配置文件

1、创建所需目录

单实例时存放数据目录/data/mysqldata已经存在

现在创建另外两个目录

[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir /data/mysqldata2 mysqldata3

[root@MySQL ~]# cd  /app/mysql/

[root@MySQL mysql]# ls

bin  binlogs  COPYING  data  docs  include  INSTALL-BINARY  lib  log  man  my.cnf  my-new.cnf  mysql-test  README  run  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files  tmp

查看 log、binlogs、tmp、run 目录是否存在，如果不存在请创建

编辑my.cnf 配置文件

[root@MySQL ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf

-----

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[client] 

default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld_multi] 

mysqld = /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe  

mysqladmin = /app/mysql/bin/mysqladmin  

log = /app/mysql/log/mysqld_multi.log  

user = root   

#password =

# This is the general purpose database. 

# The locations are default.  

# They are left in [mysqld] in case the server is started normally instead of by mysqld_multi.

[mysqld1] 

socket = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock  

port = 3306  

pid-file = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid  

datadir = /data/mysqldata  

lc-messages-dir = /app/mysql/share/english  

# These support master - master replication  

#auto-increment-increment = 4  

#auto-increment-offset = 1  # Since it is master 1  

#log-bin = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld1  

#log-bin-index = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld1.index  

#binlog-do-db = # Leave this blank if you want to control it on slave  

#max_binlog_size = 1024M  

[mysqld2] 

socket = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock2  

port = 3307  

pid-file = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid2  

datadir = /data/mysqldata2  

lc-messages-dir = /app/mysql/share/english  

# These support master - master replication  

#auto-increment-increment = 4  

#auto-increment-offset = 1  # Since it is master 1  

log-bin = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2

log-bin-index = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2.index  

#binlog-do-db = # Leave this blank if you want to control it on slave  

max_binlog_size = 1024M  

[mysqld3] 

socket = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock3

port = 3308  

pid-file = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid3  

datadir = /data/mysqldata3  

lc-messages-dir = /app/mysql/share/english  

# These support master - master replication  

#auto-increment-increment = 4  

#auto-increment-offset = 1  # Since it is master 1  

log-bin = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3  

log-bin-index = /app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3.index  

#binlog-do-db = # Leave this blank if you want to control it on slave  

max_binlog_size = 1024M  

[mysqld] 

basedir = /app/mysql  

tmpdir = /app/mysql/tmp  

socket = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock  

port = 3306  

pid-file = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid  

datadir = /app/mysql/data  

lc-messages-dir = /app/mysql/share/english  

skip-external-locking  

key_buffer_size = 16K  

max_allowed_packet = 1M  

table_open_cache = 4  

sort_buffer_size = 64K  

read_buffer_size = 256K  

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K  

net_buffer_length = 2K  

thread_stack = 128K  

# Increase the max connections  

max_connections = 2  

# The expiration time for logs, including binlogs  

expire_logs_days = 14  

# Set the character as utf8  

character-set-server = utf8  

collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci  

# This is usually only needed when setting up chained replication  

#log-slave-updates  

# Enable this to make replication more resilient against server crashes and restarts  

# but can cause higher I/O on the server  

#sync_binlog = 1  

# The server id, should be unique in same network  

server-id = 1  

# Set this to force MySQL to use a particular engine/table-type for new tables  

# This setting can still be overridden by specifying the engine explicitly  

# in the CREATE TABLE statement  

default-storage-engine = INNODB  

# Enable Per Table Data for InnoDB to shrink ibdata1  

innodb_file_per_table = 1  

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  

#innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysqldata  

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysqldata  

# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % of RAM  

# but beware of setting memory usage too high  

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  

# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  

innodb_log_file_size = 5M  

innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  

[mysqldump]  

quick  

max_allowed_packet = 16M  

[mysql]  

no-auto-rehash  

[myisamchk]  

key_buffer_size = 8M  

sort_buffer_size = 8M  

[mysqlhotcopy]  

interactive-timeout  

[mysql.server]  

user = mysql  

[mysqld_safe]  

log-error = /app/mysql/log/mysqld.log  

pid-file = /app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid  

open-files-limit = 8192

------

三、初始化数据库

[root@MySQL ~]# cd /app/mysql/scripts/

[root@MySQL scripts]#./mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/mysql --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata2/

[root@MySQL scripts]#./mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/mysql --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata3/

四、创建mysqld_multi.server脚本

[root@MySQL ~]# cd /opt/mysql-5.6.23/support-files/

[root@MySQL support-files]# cp -p mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid

编辑mysqld_multid脚本

[root@MySQL ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid

#!/bin/sh

#

# A simple startup script for mysqld_multi by Tim Smith and Jani Tolonen.

# This script assumes that my.cnf file exists either in /etc/my.cnf or

# /root/.my.cnf and has groups [mysqld_multi] and [mysqldN]. See the

# mysqld_multi documentation for detailed instructions.

#

# This script can be used as /etc/init.d/mysql.server

#

# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux

# chkconfig: 2345 64 36

# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.

#

# Version 1.0

#

basedir=/app/mysql

bindir=/app/mysql/bin

conf=/etc/my.cnf

export PATH=$PATH:$bindir

if test -x $bindir/mysqld_multi

then

  mysqld_multi="$bindir/mysqld_multi";

else

  echo "Can‘t execute $bindir/mysqld_multi from dir $basedir";

  exit;

fi

case "$1" in

    ‘start‘ )

        "$mysqld_multi" --defaults-extra-file=$conf start $2

        ;;

    ‘stop‘ )

        "$mysqld_multi" --defaults-extra-file=$conf stop $2

        ;;

    ‘report‘ )

        "$mysqld_multi" --defaults-extra-file=$conf report $2

        ;;

    ‘restart‘ )

        "$mysqld_multi" --defaults-extra-file=$conf stop $2

        "$mysqld_multi" --defaults-extra-file=$conf start $2

        ;;

    *)

        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|report|restart}" >&2

        ;;

esac

五、mysql实例管理

启动mysql实例

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid start 1,2,3

或

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid start 3306,3307,3308

[root@MySQL ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld | grep -v grep

root      6528     1  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock --port=3306 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid --datadir=/data/mysqldata --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock --port=3306 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid --datadir=/data/mysqldata --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english

root      6534     1  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock2 --port=3307 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid2 --datadir=/data/mysqldata2 --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2.index --max_binlog_size=1024M --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock2 --port=3307 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid2 --datadir=/data/mysqldata2 --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2.index --max_binlog_size=1024M

root      6544     1  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock3 --port=3308 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid3 --datadir=/data/mysqldata3 --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3.index --max_binlog_size=1024M --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock3 --port=3308 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid3 --datadir=/data/mysqldata3 --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3.index --max_binlog_size=1024M

mysql     8326  6528  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata --plugin-dir=/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-error=/app/mysql/log/mysqld.log --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock --port=3306

mysql     8487  6534  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata2 --plugin-dir=/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2.index --max-binlog-size=1024M --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld2.index --max-binlog-size=1024M --log-error=/app/mysql/log/mysqld.log --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid2 --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock2 --port=3307

mysql     8506  6544  0 17:44 pts/0    00:00:00 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata3 --plugin-dir=/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3.index --max-binlog-size=1024M --lc-messages-dir=/app/mysql/share/english --log-bin=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3 --log-bin-index=/app/mysql/binlogs/bin-log-mysqld3.index --max-binlog-size=1024M --log-error=/app/mysql/log/mysqld.log --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.pid3 --socket=/app/mysql/run/mysqld.sock3 --port=3308

关闭mysql实例

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid stop 1,2,3

或

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid stop 3306,3307,3308

六、修改实例密码

[root@MySQL ~]# /app/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3307 password ‘123456‘

[root@MySQL ~]# /app/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3308 password ‘123456‘

七、登录多实例

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306  #登录时只是端口号不一样

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.6.23 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

八、删除匿名连接的空密码帐号

注，分别登录实例[mysqld1]、[mysqld2]、[mysqld3]执行以下命令：   

mysql>use mysql; #选择系统数据库mysql  

mysql>select Host,User,Password from user; #查看所有用户  

mysql>delete from user where password="";#删除无密码账户  

mysql>flush privileges; #刷新权限  

mysql>select Host,User,Password from user; #确认密码为空的用户是否已全部删除  

mysql>exit;

配置mysql允许root远程登录                                  #登录

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@‘%‘ identified by "123456";

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> select User,Password,Host from user;

原文：http://yylinux.blog.51cto.com/8831641/1677678