C代码和Python代码：学生成绩管理程序
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目录
一、总结
没写代码久了，重新看了一遍python的列表和字典
关于C的链表：
链表的节点可以用列表和字典嵌套来实现
关于排序：
sorted()是python自带的函数，
用sorted()来排序是一个比较简便的方法
可参考：《python中的lambda函数与sorted函数》
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25041667/article/details/102258338
博主写得很详细
二、C代码
运行环境：VS2017
以下是代码：
/*
学生成绩管理程序
编制一个统计学生考试分数的管理程序。
设学生成绩已以一个学生一个记录的形式存储在文件中，
每位学生记录包含的信息有：姓名，学号和各门功课的成绩。
程序具有以下几项功能：求出各门课程的总分，平均分，按姓名，
按学号寻找其记录并显示，浏览全部学生成绩和按总分由高到低显示学生信息等。
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define SWN 3 /* 课程数 */
#define NAMELEN 20 /* 姓名最大字符数 */
#define CODELEN 10 /* 学号最大字符数 */
#define FNAMELEN 80 /* 文件名最大字符数 */
#define BUFLEN 80 /* 缓冲区最大字符数 */
/* 课程名称表 */
char schoolwork[SWN][NAMELEN + 1] = { "Chinese","Mathematic","English" };
struct record
{
char name[NAMELEN + 1]; /* 姓名 */
char code[CODELEN + 1]; /* 学号 */
int marks[SWN]; /* 各课程成绩 */
int total; /* 总分 */
}stu;
struct node
{
char name[NAMELEN + 1]; /* 姓名 */
char code[CODELEN + 1]; /* 学号 */
int marks[SWN]; /* 各课程成绩 */
int total; /* 总分 */
struct node *next; /* 后续表元指针 */
}*head; /* 链表首指针 */
int total[SWN]; /* 各课程总分 */
FILE *stfpt; /* 文件指针 */
char stuf[FNAMELEN]; /* 文件名 */
/* 从指定文件读入一个记录 */
int readrecord( FILE *fpt, struct record *rpt)
{
char buf[BUFLEN];
int i;
if ( fscanf_s(fpt, "%s", buf, BUFLEN) != 1)
return 0; /* 文件结束 */
strncpy_s(rpt->name, buf, NAMELEN);
fscanf_s(fpt, "%s", buf, BUFLEN);
strncpy_s(rpt->code, buf, CODELEN);
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
fscanf_s(fpt, "%d", &rpt->marks[i]);
for (rpt->total = 0, i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
rpt->total += rpt->marks[i];
return 1;
}
/* 对指定文件写入一个记录 */
void writerecord( FILE *fpt, struct record *rpt)
{
int i;
fprintf(fpt, "%s\n", rpt->name);
fprintf(fpt, "%s\n", rpt->code);
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
fprintf(fpt, "%d\n", rpt->marks[i]);
return;
}
/* 显示学生记录 */
void displaystu( struct record *rpt)
{
int i;
printf("\nName : %s\n", rpt->name);
printf("Code : %s\n", rpt->code);
printf("Marks :\n");
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
printf(" %-15s : %4d\n", schoolwork[i], rpt->marks[i]);
printf("Total : %4d\n", rpt->total);
}
/* 计算各单科总分 */
int totalmark( char *fname)
{
FILE *fp;
struct record s;
int count, i;
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, fname, "r");
if ( err != 0)
{
printf("Can't open file %s.\n", fname);
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
total[i] = 0;
count = 0;
while (readrecord(fp, &s) != 0)
{
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
total[i] += s.marks[i];
count++;
}
fclose(fp);
return count; /* 返回记录数 */
}
/* 列表显示学生信息 */
void liststu( char *fname)
{
FILE *fp;
struct record s;
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, fname, "r");
if (err != 0)
{
printf("Can't open file %s.\n", fname);
return;
}
while (readrecord(fp, &s) != 0)
{
displaystu(&s);
printf("\n Press ENTER to continue...\n");
while ( getchar() != '\n'); //getchar() != '\n'
}
fclose(fp);
return;
}
/* 构造链表 */
struct node *makelist( char *fname)
{
struct node *h, *p, *v, *u;
FILE *fp;
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, fname, "r");
if (err != 0)
{
printf("Can't open file %s.\n", fname);
return NULL;
}
h = p = v = u = NULL;
p = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
while (readrecord(fp, (struct record *)p) != 0)
{
v = h;
while ( v && p->total <= v->total) // 所以这个链表是总分从大到小的
{
u = v;
v = v->next;
}
if (v == h)
h = p;
else
u->next = p;
p->next = v;
p = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
}
free(p);
fclose(fp);
return h;
}
/* 顺序显示链表各表元 */
void displaylist(struct node *h)
{
while (h != NULL)
{
displaystu((struct record *)h);
printf("\n Press ENTER to continue...\n");
while (getchar() != '\n');
h = h->next;
}
return;
}
/* 按学生姓名查找学生记录 */
int retrievebyn(char *fname, char *key)
{
FILE *fp;
int c;
struct record s;
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, fname, "r");
if (err != 0)
{
printf("Can't open file %s.\n", fname);
return 0;
}
c = 0;
while (readrecord(fp, &s) != 0)
{
if (strcmp(s.name, key) == 0)
{
displaystu(&s);
c++;
}
}
fclose(fp);
if (c == 0)
printf("The student %s is not in the file %s.\n", key, fname);
return 1;
}
/* 按学生学号查找学生记录 */
int retrievebyc(char *fname, char *key)
{
FILE *fp;
int c;
struct record s;
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, fname, "r");
if (err != 0)
{
printf("Can't open file %s.\n", fname);
return 0;
}
c = 0;
while (readrecord(fp, &s) != 0)
{
if (strcmp(s.code, key) == 0)
{
displaystu(&s);
c++;
break;
}
}
fclose(fp);
if (c == 0)
printf("The student %s is not in the file %s.\n", key, fname);
return 1;
}
def main():
#int i, j, n;
#char c;
char buf[BUFLEN];
FILE *fp;
struct record s;
print("Please input the students marks record file's name: ", end = '')
stuf = input()
errno_t err;
err = fopen_s(&fp, stuf, "r");
if( err != 0 )
{
printf("The file %s doesn't exit, do you want to creat it? (Y/N) ", stuf);
getchar();
c = getchar();
if c == 'Y' or c == 'y':
err = fopen_s(&fp, stuf, "w");
printf("Please input the record number you want to write to the file: ");
scanf_s("%d", &n);
for i in rang( 0, n):
print("Input the student's name: ", end = '')
s.name = intput()
print("Input the student's code: ", end = '')
s.code = intput()
for j in range( 0, SWN):
printf("Input the %s mark: ", schoolwork[j]);
scanf_s("%d", &s.marks[j]);
print("\n");
writerecord(fp, &s)
fclose(fp);
}
}
fclose(fp);
i = input()
system("cls");
puts("Now you can input a command to manage the records.");
puts("m : mean of the marks.");
puts("t : total of the marks.");
puts("n : search record by student's name.");
puts("c : search record by student's code.");
puts("l : list all the records.");
puts("s : sort and list the records by the total.");
puts("q : quit!");
while (1)
{
puts("Please input command:");
scanf_s("%c", &c, 1); /* 输入选择命令 */
if (c == 'q' || c == 'Q')
{
puts("\n Thank you for your using.");
break; /* q，结束程序运行 */
}
switch (c)
{
case 'm': /* 计算平均分 */
case 'M':
if ((n = totalmark(stuf)) == 0)
{
puts("Error!");
break;
}
printf("\n");
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
printf("%-15s's average is: %.2f.\n", schoolwork[i], (float)total[i] / n);
break;
case 't': /* 计算总分 */
case 'T':
if ((n = totalmark(stuf)) == 0)
{
puts("Error!");
break;
}
printf("\n");
for (i = 0; i < SWN; i++)
printf("%-15s's total mark is: %d.\n", schoolwork[i], total[i]);
break;
case 'n': /* 按学生的姓名寻找记录 */
case 'N':
printf("Please input the student's name you want to search: ");
scanf_s("%s", buf, 80);
retrievebyn(stuf, buf);
break;
case 'c': /* 按学生的学号寻找记录 */
case 'C':
printf("Please input the student's code you want to search: ");
scanf_s("%s", buf, 80);
retrievebyc(stuf, buf);
break;
case 'l': /* 列出所有学生记录 */
case 'L':
liststu(stuf);
break;
case 's': /* 按总分从高到低排列显示 */
case 'S':
if ((head = makelist(stuf)) != NULL)
displaylist(head);
break;
default: break;
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
三、Python代码
运行环境：Pycharm，python3.74
以下是代码：
"""学生成绩管理程序
编制一个统计学生考试分数的管理程序。
设学生成绩已以一个学生一个 记录 的形式存储在文件中，
每位学生记录包含的信息有：姓名，学号和各门功课的成绩。
程序具有以下几项功能：求出各门课程的总分，平均分，按姓名，
按学号寻找其记录并显示，浏览全部学生成绩和
按总分由高到低显示学生信息等。
"""
import os
swn = 3 # 课程数
#课程名称表
schoolwork = [ "Chinese", "Mathematic",
"English"]
# 各课程总分
total = [ 0 for i in range(swn)]
# 主要通过向 student_list列表 里存放 student字典，
# 向 student字典 里存放学生信息，相当于链表的一个节点，
# student = {"name": ,"code": ,"marks":{ schoolwork[i]: ,}},
# "marks"的值也是字典
student_list = []
def add_student():
"""想要对文件录入的新的学生的记录"""
new_students = []
# n是我们需要录入文件的记录的“个数”
n = int(input("Please input the record number "
"you want to write to the file: "))
for i in range( 0, n):
name = input("Input the student's name: ")
code = input("Input the student's code: ")
marks = {}
for j in range( 0, swn):
print("Input the %s mark: " % schoolwork[j], end = "")
marks[ schoolwork[j]] = int( input())
print("\n")
student_record = {"name":name.title(), "code":code, "marks":marks}
new_students.append(student_record)
return new_students
def create_file( filename):
"""
创建日志文件夹和日志文件
:param filename:
:return:
"""
path = filename[0:filename.rfind("/")]
if not os.path.isdir(path): # 无文件夹时创建
os.makedirs(path)
if not os.path.isfile(filename): # 无文件时创建
fd = open(filename, mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
fd.close()
else:
pass
def write_file( filename, new_students):
"""将新输入的学生记录，录入文件"""
fp = open(filename, "w", encoding='utf-8')
fp.write(str(new_students))
fp.close()
print("Data saved to %s succeeded！" % filename)
fp.close()
def read_file( filename):
"""从文件中将数据读取至变量中"""
global student_list
if os.path.exists( filename):
f = open( filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
ret = f.read()
student_list = eval(ret)
f.close()
for s in student_list:
s["total"] = 0
for value in s["marks"].values():
s["total"] = s["total"] + value
return
def total_mark():
""" 计算各单科总分 """
for i in range( 0, swn):
total[i] = 0
count = 0
for s in student_list:
for i in range( 0, swn):
total[i] = total[i] + s["marks"][schoolwork[i]]
count = count + 1
return count # 返回记录数
def display_stu( student):
""" 显示学生记录 """
print("Name : ", student["name"])
print("Code : ", student["code"])
print("Marks :")
for key,value in sorted( student["marks"].items()):
print(" %-15s : %4d" % ( key, value))
print("Total : %4d" % student["total"])
def list_stu():
"""列表显示学生信息 """
for s in student_list:
display_stu(s)
print("\n\t Press Blank "
"space to continue...")
e = input()
while (e != ' '):
e = input()
print("\n\t END")
def display_list():
""" 总分从大到小顺序显示链表各表元"""
#列表中镶嵌着字典用这种sorted()
for s in sorted(student_list, key=lambda
k: k["total"], reverse=True):
display_stu(s)
print("\n\t Press Blank "
"space to continue...")
e = input()
while (e != ' '):
e = input()
print("\n\t END")
def show_list():
""" 菜单"""
print("\nNow you can input a command to manage the records.")
print("m : mean of the marks.") #平均分数
print("t : total of the marks.") #计算总分
print("n : search record by student's name.") #按学生姓名搜索记录
print("c : search record by student's code.") #按学生学号搜索记录
print("l : list all the records.") #列出所有记录
print("s : sort and list the records by the total.") #按总数排序和列出记录
print("q : quit!\n") #退出
def retrieve_n( key):
"""按学生姓名查找学生记录"""
c = 0
for s in student_list:
if key == s["name"]:
display_stu(s)
c = c + 1
if c == 0:
print("The student %s is not "
"in the file." % key)
return 1
def retrieve_c( key):
"""按学生学号查找学生记录"""
c = 0
for s in student_list:
if key == s["code"]:
display_stu(s)
c = c + 1
break
if c == 0:
print("The student %s is not "
"in the file." % key)
return 1
def main():
os.system("cls")
stuf = input("Please input the students "
"marks record file's name: ") #文件名
#调用函数“检查学生成绩记录文件是否创建”
if not os.path.exists(stuf):
c = input("The file %s doesn't exit,"
"do you want to creat it? (Y/N) ")
if c == 'Y' or c == 'y':
create_file( stuf)
write_file( stuf, add_student())
else:
print("\n\tThank you for your using.")
return
#学生的信息都将存入student_list中
read_file( stuf)
if not student_list:
print("\n\tStudent information is not stored in the file.")
print("\t\t\tThank you for your using.")
return
i = input("Press any key to clear the "
"screen, then the menu will appear")
os.system("cls")
while 1:
show_list()
c = input("\nPlease input command:") # 输入选择命令
os.system("cls")
if c == 'q' or c == 'Q':
print("\n\tThank you for your using.")
break
# 计算单科平均分
elif c == 'm' or c == 'M':
n = total_mark()
if n == 0:
print("\nError!")
continue
print("")
for i in range( 0, swn):
print("%-15s's average is: %.2f." %
( schoolwork[i],
(float)(total[i] / n)) )
# 计算单科总分
elif c == 't' or c == 'T':
if total_mark() == 0:
print("Error!")
continue
print("")
for i in range( 0, swn):
print("%-15s's total mark is: %d." %
(schoolwork[i], total[i]) )
#按学生的姓名寻找记录
elif c == 'n' or c == 'N':
buf = input("Please input the student's "
"name you want to search: ")
retrieve_n(buf.title())
# 按学生的学号寻找记录
elif c == 'c' or c == 'C':
buf = input("Please input the student's "
"code you want to search: ")
retrieve_c(buf)
# 列出所有学生记录
elif c == 'l' or c == 'L':
list_stu()
# 按总分从高到低排列显示
elif c == 's' or c == 'S':
display_list()
else:
print("Input command error, please input again")
main()
内容总结
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