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c#-根据系统状态以不同方式处理控制事件
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我正在尝试构建Ingenico POS终端(iWL220)的模拟器.
主屏幕上有一个组合框.用户输入ID和密码后,组合框将加载6个菜单.如果用户单击btn1,则组合框清除菜单并添加另一组菜单.如果用户单击btn1作为新加载的菜单,则再次清除组合框并加载另一组菜单,依此类推.
我的问题是每个按钮单击(btn1,btn2,btn3,btn4,btn5),我必须编写很多if else语句.例;
第一个菜单(在组合框上)有6个扇区.
> 1.部门
> 2.扇区B
> 3.扇区C
> 4.扇区
> 5.部门
> 6.扇区
如果用户选择1.SectorA,则单击btn1.然后btn1清除组合框并加载另一组菜单.这次菜单(在组合框上)有3个公司.
> 1.公司A
> 2.公司B
> 3.公司
这次用户选择1.CompanyA,然后再次单击btn1.然后btn1清除组合框并加载另一组菜单.此时间菜单(在组合框上)有2个付款选项.
> 1.全额付款
> 2.ParitalPayment
现在这一次,如果用户单击btn1或btn2,则组合框可见变为false,并且在主屏幕中有一个标签和文本框.文本框允许用户输入订户号,然后按Enter(绿色按钮).
我已经将Ingenico终端图片加载为jpeg,并在其顶部设置了按钮.
我只给出了模拟的小版本.在我的应用中,用户可以选择114种可能性.
在我的应用中,btn1的点击概率为92,btn2的点击概率为53,依此类推.用户输入订户号并单击绿色按钮后,我的应用程序将使用wfc服务格式化数据并发送到sql服务器.
但是在用户单击按钮的每个组合之前,在我的应用程序中,我将btn编号存储为422.这意味着422,用户选择了SectorD CompanyB ParitalPayment选项.所以我的wfc会知道422是什么意思.
我的问题是,对于这114个概率案例,构造我的按钮事件的最短方法是什么？
我有4个按钮. Btn1,Btn2,Btn3和Btn4.我也有一些如下所示的数组和1个组合框.
1.ArrayMain() = {“1.Water”,”2.Air”,”3.Soil”,”4.Fire”}
1.1. ArrayWater() = {“1.Salty”,”2.Fresh”, “3.Contaminated”}
1.1.1.ArraySalty() = {1.”AA”, 2.”BB”, 3.”CC”}
1.1.2.ArrayFresh() = {1.”DD”, 2.”EE”, 3.”FF”}
1.1.3.ArrayContaminated() = {1.”XX”, 2.”YY”, 3.”ZZ”}
1.2 ArrayAir() = {“1.Fresh”, “2.Contaminated”}
1.3 ArraySoil() = {“1.Normal”, “2.Contaminated”}
1.4 ArrayFire() = {“1.Low”,”2.Mid”,”3.High”}
当我的应用启动时,第一个数组值1.(ArrayMain)填充comboBox.该comboBox中将包含4个值,分别是“ 1.Water”,“ 2.Air”,“ 3.Soil”,“ 4.Fire”.如果用户选择“ 1.Water”,则用户单击Btn1.超过btn1事件会清除comboBox并将1.1ArrayWater()值加载到comboBox中.
第二次,如果用户选择“ 1.Salty”,则再次单击btn1,这一次btn1事件将清除comboBox并将1.1.1ArraySalty()值加载到comboBox中.
如果是用户第三次选择“ 2.BB”,则单击Btn2并发送信息“ BB”进行计算.
首先,您有5个(或多或少)菜单项,并且每次按任意(数字)按钮(在pos终端中为1到9)都将在屏幕上显示新菜单.
解决方法:
每个按钮在任何特定时间都应根据系统状态执行某些特定操作.显然,如果您尝试根据大量不同的变量来决定特定的操作,则会创建很多分支代码.这样的代码很难正确编写,甚至更难以调试和维护.
因此,如果我们将某个特定类(接口)中每个可能状态(状态序列)的当前动作封装起来,该怎么办：
/// <summary>
/// Represents internal terminal presenter that is used inside IGlobalTerminalPresenter.
/// </summary>
public interface ITerminalPresenter
{
void UpdateUI();
ITerminalPresenter this[Int32 index]
{
get;
}
ITerminalPresenter Do1();
ITerminalPresenter Do2();
ITerminalPresenter Parent
{
get;
set;
}
void Reset();
}
在表单内部,我们将使用类似界面的字段,该字段将封装演示者的所有更改.
/// <summary>
/// Represents terminal presenter that UI can operate upon.
/// </summary>
public interface IGlobalTerminalPresenter
{
void UpdateUI();
void Do1();
void Do2();
Int32 SelectedIndex
{
get;
set;
}
void Reset();
}
我们的事件处理程序将变为：
private void comboBox_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var senderComboBox = (ComboBox)sender;
this.globalTerminalPresenter.SelectedIndex = senderComboBox.SelectedIndex;
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.globalTerminalPresenter.Do1();
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.globalTerminalPresenter.Do2();
}
为了允许我们的具体TerminalPresenters与表单进行互操作,我们将强制我们的表单实现以下接口：
/// <summary>
/// This represents your UI in technology-independent manner
/// </summary>
public interface ITerminalView
{
String Title { get; set; }
String Input { get; set; }
String Output { get; set; }
String Button1_Text { get; set; }
String Button2_Text { get; set; }
IEnumerable<String> SelectionItems { get; set; }
void Clear();
}
public partial class MainForm : Form,
ITerminalView
{
...
#region ITerminalView implementation
public string Title
{
get { return this.Text; }
set { this.Text = value; }
}
public String Button1_Text
{
get { return this.button1.Text; }
set { this.button1.Text = value; }
}
public String Button2_Text
{
get { return this.button2.Text; }
set { this.button2.Text = value; }
}
public string Input
{
get { return this.textBox_Input.Text; }
set { this.textBox_Input.Text = value; }
}
public string Output
{
get { return this.textBox_Output.Text; }
set { this.textBox_Output.Text = value; }
}
public IEnumerable<string> SelectionItems
{
get { return this.comboBox.Items.Cast<String>(); }
set
{
this.comboBox.Items.Clear();
if (value == null)
return;
foreach (var item in value)
{
this.comboBox.Items.Add(item);
}
}
}
public void Clear()
{
this.comboBox.SelectedIndex = -1;
this.Title = String.Empty;
this.Input = String.Empty;
this.Output = String.Empty;
this.SelectionItems = null;
}
#endregion
现在,我们将创建两个TerminalPresenters-一个只允许通过组合框选择下一个选项,一个用于计算两个数字的和.它们都使用相同的基类.
/// <summary>
/// Base class for all presenters
/// </summary>
public abstract class TerminalPresenterBase : ITerminalPresenter
{
protected ITerminalView view;
public TerminalPresenterBase(ITerminalView view)
{
if (view == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("view");
this.view = view;
this.Parent = this;
}
public abstract void UpdateUI();
public abstract ITerminalPresenter this[int index]
{
get;
}
public abstract ITerminalPresenter Do1();
public abstract ITerminalPresenter Do2();
public virtual ITerminalPresenter Parent
{
get;
set;
}
public virtual void Reset()
{
this.UpdateUI();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Presenter whose sole goal is to allow user to select some other option and press next
/// </summary>
public class SelectOptionPresenter : TerminalPresenterBase
{
private IList<KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>> options;
private ITerminalPresenter selected;
private String title;
public SelectOptionPresenter(ITerminalView view,
String title,
IList<KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>> options)
: base(view)
{
if (options == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("options");
this.title = title;
this.options = options;
foreach (var item in options)
{
item.Value.Parent = this;
}
}
public override void UpdateUI()
{
this.view.Clear();
this.view.Button1_Text = "Confirm selection";
this.view.Button2_Text = "Go back";
this.view.Title = title;
this.view.SelectionItems = options
.Select(opt => opt.Key);
}
public override ITerminalPresenter this[int index]
{
get
{
this.selected = this.options[index].Value;
return this;
}
}
public override ITerminalPresenter Do1()
{
return this.ConfirmSelection();
}
public override ITerminalPresenter Do2()
{
return this.GoBack();
}
public ITerminalPresenter ConfirmSelection()
{
this.selected.UpdateUI();
return this.selected;
}
public ITerminalPresenter GoBack()
{
this.Parent.UpdateUI();
return this.Parent;
}
}
public enum APlusBState
{
EnterA,
EnterB,
Result
}
public class StepActions
{
public Action UpdateUI { get; set; }
public Func<ITerminalPresenter> Do1 { get; set; }
public Func<ITerminalPresenter> Do2 { get; set; }
}
public class APlusBPresenter : TerminalPresenterBase
{
private Int32 a, b;
private APlusBState state;
private String error = null;
private Dictionary<APlusBState, StepActions> stateActions;
private void InitializeStateActions()
{
this.stateActions = new Dictionary<APlusBState, StepActions>();
this.stateActions.Add(APlusBState.EnterA,
new StepActions()
{
UpdateUI = () =>
{
this.view.Title = this.error ?? "Enter A";
this.view.Input = this.a.ToString();
this.view.Button1_Text = "Confirm A";
this.view.Button2_Text = "Exit";
},
Do1 = () => // Confirm A
{
if (!Int32.TryParse(this.view.Input, out this.a))
{
this.error = "A is in incorrect format. Enter A again";
return this;
}
this.error = null;
this.state = APlusBState.EnterB;
return this;
},
Do2 = () => // Exit
{
this.Reset();
return this.Parent;
}
});
this.stateActions.Add(APlusBState.EnterB,
new StepActions()
{
UpdateUI = () =>
{
this.view.Title = this.error ?? "Enter B";
this.view.Input = this.b.ToString();
this.view.Button1_Text = "Confirm B";
this.view.Button2_Text = "Back to A";
},
Do1 = () => // Confirm B
{
if (!Int32.TryParse(this.view.Input, out this.b))
{
this.error = "B is in incorrect format. Enter B again";
return this;
}
this.error = null;
this.state = APlusBState.Result;
return this;
},
Do2 = () => // Back to a
{
this.state = APlusBState.EnterA;
return this;
}
});
this.stateActions.Add(APlusBState.Result,
new StepActions()
{
UpdateUI = () =>
{
this.view.Title = String.Format("The result of {0} + {1}", this.a, this.b);
this.view.Output = (this.a + this.b).ToString();
this.view.Button1_Text = "Exit";
this.view.Button2_Text = "Back";
},
Do1 = () => // Exit
{
this.Reset();
return this.Parent;
},
Do2 = () => // Back to B
{
this.state = APlusBState.EnterB;
return this;
}
});
}
public APlusBPresenter(ITerminalView view) : base(view)
{
this.InitializeStateActions();
this.Reset();
}
public override void UpdateUI()
{
this.view.Clear();
this.stateActions[this.state].UpdateUI();
}
public override ITerminalPresenter this[int index]
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public override ITerminalPresenter Do1()
{
var nextPresenter = this.stateActions[this.state].Do1();
nextPresenter.UpdateUI();
return nextPresenter;
}
public override ITerminalPresenter Do2()
{
var nextPresenter = this.stateActions[this.state].Do2();
nextPresenter.UpdateUI();
return nextPresenter;
}
public override void Reset()
{
this.state = APlusBState.EnterA;
this.a = 0;
this.b = 0;
this.error = null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Represents terminal presenter to use inside GUI. It handles current ISpecificTerminalPresenter inside itself.
/// </summary>
public class GlobalTerminalPresenter : IGlobalTerminalPresenter
{
#region Fields
private ITerminalPresenter current;
private Int32 selectedIndex;
#endregion
#region Constructors
public GlobalTerminalPresenter(ITerminalPresenter mainPresenter)
{
if (mainPresenter == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("mainPresenter");
this.current = mainPresenter;
this.UpdateUI();
}
#endregion
public void UpdateUI()
{
this.current.UpdateUI();
}
public void Do1()
{
this.current = this.current.Do1();
}
public void Do2()
{
this.current = this.current.Do2();
}
public Int32 SelectedIndex
{
get
{
return this.selectedIndex;
}
set
{
this.selectedIndex = value;
if (value == -1)
return;
this.current = this.current[value];
}
}
public void Reset()
{
this.current.Reset();
}
}
然后我们在表单的构造函数中对其进行初始化：
public partial class MainForm : Form,
ITerminalView
{
private IGlobalTerminalPresenter globalTerminalPresenter;
public MainForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
var nextLevelPresenters = new KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>[]
{
new KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>(
"A plus B",
new APlusBPresenter(this)),
new KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>(
"Just empty selector",
new SelectOptionPresenter(this,
"Selector with no selection choices",
Enumerable
.Empty<KeyValuePair<String, ITerminalPresenter>>()
.ToArray()))
};
var topPresenter = new SelectOptionPresenter(this, "Select the option and press the confirm button", nextLevelPresenters);
this.globalTerminalPresenter = new GlobalTerminalPresenter(topPresenter);
}
P.S.1：这些代码段假定您拥有一个名为MainForm的表单,该表单具有两个按钮-button1,button2,一个组合框,两个textBox-textBox_Input和textBox_Output.
P.S.2：所使用的模式足够接近Model-View-Presenter,而没有DataBindings.
P.S.3如果修改APlusBPresenter代码,则可以创建或多或少的通用状态机Presenters.或尝试构建ChainXxxx …类和接口.
P.S.4：对这些代码墙感到抱歉.对于[SO]格式来说,这可能太多了,所以我在GitHub-https://github.com/Podskal/StackOverflow_29870164.git上放置了临时的概念证明.这在很多方面都是很丑陋的,但就目前而言,它至少不能为您提供有关如何实现您的实现的想法.自己的系统.
P.S.5：此代码中有很多有问题的地方,因此您应该非常仔细地考虑如何从中构建自己的系统.
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