对比Excel学Python（二）数据可视化
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内容图文
就是利用Python生成各种图表，也是本书的核心。
1、条形图
#导入要用的matplotlib库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np
#解决乱码问题 plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
#（在Y轴上分为1等份,在X轴上分为1等份,画布位于1象限）
plt.subplot(1,1,1) #传入基础数据 x = np.array(["东区","南区","西区","北区"]) y1 = np.array([7566,6555,5335,6310]) y2 = np.array([4500,4555,3335,5310]) #设置基本属性 plt.title("柱线图",loc="center") plt.xlabel("分区") plt.ylabel("任务量") plt.barh(x,height=0.5,label = "任务量",width = y1) #显示图例 plt.legend()
#不显示网格 plt.grid(False) #迭代赋值 for a,b in zip(x,y1): plt.text(b,a,a,ha="center",va="bottom",fontsize = 12)
#将图片存入桌面 plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\条形图")
2、折线图
#折线图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
# plt.subplots(1,1)
plt.xlabel("月份",)
plt.ylabel("注册量")
# plt.xticks(ticks,labels)
# plt.yticks(ticks,labels)
# plt.xticks(np.arange(12),["0","1月份","2月份","3月份","4月份","5月份","6月份","7月份","8月份","9月份","10月份","11月份"])
# plt.yticks(np.arange(1000,7000,1000),["1000人","2000人","3000人","4000人","5000人","6000人","7000","8000"])
plt.xticks(np.arange(12))
x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11])
y = np.array([866,2335,5710,6482,6120,1605,3813,4428,4631,1001,1002])
plt.plot(x,y,color = "r",linestyle = "dashdot",linewidth = 1,marker = "v",markersize = 5,label = "注册用户数")
# linewidth = 1,marker = "o",)
plt.title("XXX公司1-9月注册用户量",loc = "center")
for a,b in zip(x,y):
plt.text(a,b,b,ha='center',va = 'bottom',fontsize = 10)
plt.grid(b = True)
plt.legend()
# plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\折线图")
3、气泡图
#气泡图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
plt.xlabel("月份",)
plt.ylabel("注册量")
plt.title("XXX公司1-9月注册用户量",loc = "center")
x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11])
y = np.array([6,35,10,82,20,15,13,28,31,10,12])
# colors = y*10 #无用？
area = y*20
plt.scatter(x,y,marker = "o",s = area)
for a,b in zip(x,y):
plt.text(a,b,b,ha='center',va = 'center',fontsize = 12,color = "white")
plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\气泡图")
4、柱形图-堆积图
#柱形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
# x = np.array(["东区","南区","西区","北区"])
x = np.array([1,2,3,4])
plt.xticks(x+0.1,["东区","南区","西区","北区"])
y1 = np.array([7566,6555,5335,6310])
y2 = np.array([4500,4555,3335,5310])
plt.title("柱线图",loc="center")
plt.xlabel("分区")
plt.ylabel("任务量")
plt.bar(x,y1,label = "任务量",width = 0.3)
# plt.bar(x+0.3,y2,label = "完成量",width = 0.3)
plt.bar(x,y2,label = "完成量",width = 0.3)
plt.legend()
plt.grid(False)
for a,b in zip(x,y1):
plt.text(a,b,b,ha="center",va="bottom",fontsize = 12)
# for a,b in zip(x+0.3,y2):
# plt.text(a,b,b,ha="center",va="bottom",fontsize = 12)
for a,b in zip(x,y2):
plt.text(a,b,b,ha="center",va="bottom",fontsize = 12)
# plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\柱形图")
plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\堆积图")
5、面积图
#面积图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
plt.xlabel("月份",)
plt.ylabel("注册量")
plt.title("XXX公司1-9月注册用户量",loc = "center")
x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
y1 = np.array([6360,6555,5335,6310,5357,6666])
y2 = np.array([4500,4555,3335,5310,4444,5674])
plt.stackplot(x,y1,y2)
plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\面积图")
6、树地图
#树地图
#squarify.plot(size,label,color,value,edgecolor,linewidth)r
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]='SimHei'
import squarify
size = np.array([3.4,0.693,0.585,0.570,0.562,0.531,0.530,0.524,0.501,0.478,0.468,0.436])
xingzuo = np.array(["未知","摩揭座","天秤座","双鱼座","天竭座","金牛座",
"处女座","双子座","射手座","狮子座","水瓶座","白羊座"])
rate = np.array(['34%','6.93%',"5.85%","5.70%","5.62%","5.31%","5.30%","5.24%","5.01%","4.78%","4.68%","4.36%"])
colors = ['steelblue','#9999ff','red','indianred','green','yellow','orange']
plot = squarify.plot(sizes = size,
label = xingzuo,
color = colors,
value = rate,
edgecolor = "white",
linewidth = 3)
plt.title("星座",fontdict = {'fontsize':12})
plt.axis("off")
# plt.tick_params(top = 'off',right = 'off')
plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\树地图")
7、饼图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np x = np.array([5555,6666,7777,8888]) labels = ["A","B","C","D"] explode = [0.1,0,0,0] labeldistance = 1.1 plt.pie(x,labels=labels,autopct='%.1f%%',shadow=True,explode = explode,radius=1.0,labeldistance=labeldistance) # explode = explode,radius=1.0,labeldistance=labeldistance) #错误示范
8、双环形图
这个是从网上找的案例，一起总结在一块。
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize = (10, 8))
# 生成数据
labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', '其他']
share_laptop = [0.45, 0.25, 0.15, 0.05, 0.10]
share_pc = [0.35, 0.35, 0.08, 0.07, 0.15]
colors = ['c', 'r', 'y', 'g', 'gray']
# 外环
wedges1, texts1, autotexts1 = plt.pie(share_laptop,
autopct = '%3.1f%%',
radius = 1,
pctdistance = 0.85,
colors = colors,
startangle = 180,
textprops = {'color': 'w'},
wedgeprops = {'width': 0.3, 'edgecolor': 'w'}
)
# 内环
wedges2, texts2, autotexts2 = plt.pie(share_pc,
autopct = '%3.1f%%',
radius = 0.7,
pctdistance = 0.75,
colors = colors,
startangle = 180,
textprops = {'color': 'w'},
wedgeprops = {'width': 0.3, 'edgecolor': 'w'}
)
# 图例
plt.legend(wedges1,
labels,
fontsize = 12,
title = '公司列表',
loc = 'center right',
bbox_to_anchor = (1, 0.6))
# 设置文本样式
plt.setp(autotexts1, size=15, weight='bold')
plt.setp(autotexts2, size=15, weight='bold')
plt.setp(texts1, size=15)
# 标题
plt.title('2017年笔记本及PC电脑市场份额', fontsize=20)
plt.savefig(r"C:\Users\admin\Desktop\新建文件夹\环形图")
plt.show()
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