Cisco交换机设置点滴

　Catalyst 1924/2820软件升级
一、使用TFTP server安装软件
　
通过网络为交换机更新软件,在服务器和交换机之间必须经由IP连接.
1.必须具有一台TFTP server(如运行TFTP server软件的PC机)和一台治理工作站(如一台PC机),并且可以通过console口治理交换机:
使用终端仿真程序(如win95的HyperTerminal)和RJ-45-to-RJ-45的连接电缆和适配器:
RJ-45-to-DB-9 female DTE 适配器(标记"Terminal")
RJ-45-to-DB-25 female DTE 适配器(标记"Terminal")
RJ-45-to-DB-25 male DCE 适配器(标记"Modem")
2.以下是通过TFTP server更新软件的步骤:
1)将Cisco Catalyst 1900/2820 软件存于治理工作站.
2)将TFTP根目录设置为软件所在目录.
3)打开交换机,交换机正常启动.
4)在终端窗口显示治理菜单画面(以下为治理菜单).
Management Console Main Menu
Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu
[C] Console Settings
[S] System
[N] Network Management
[P] Port Configuration
[A] Port Addressing
[D] Port Statistics Detail
[M] Monitoring
[B] Bridge Group
[R] Multicast Registration
[F] Firmware
[I] RS-232 Interface
[U] Usage Summaries
[H] Help
[X] Exit Management Console
Enter Selection:

5)如交换机未赋予IP地址,应该使用菜单赋予交换机IP addresss, subnet mask, 和default gateway.
6)确认交换机和TFTP server之间的连接正常. 例如:从服务器PING交换机.
7)进入Firmware配置菜单, 选择[S]选项,并键入TFTP server的IP地址.

Catalyst 1900 - Firmware Configuration
-----------------System Information------------
FLASH: 1024K bytes
V6.00
Upgrade status:
No upgrade currently in progress.
--------------------Settings------------------
[S] Server: IP address of TFTP server 0.0.0.0
[F] Filename for firmware upgrades
[A] Accept upgrade transfer from other hosts Enabled
--------------------Actions-------------------
[U] System XMODEM upgrade [D] Download test subsystem (XMODEM)
[T] System TFTP upgrade [X] Exit to Main Menu
Enter Selection:
8)选择[F]选项,键入TFTP server上的交换机软件的名称.
9)选择[T]选项执行 TFTP进行软件更新.
10)在菜单的系统信息区检查更新状态显示验证软件更新过程.
当软件更新完毕后,交换机大约有1分钟不响应命令,然后交换机重新启动并使用新的软件.
二、使用XMODEM协议安装软件
你可以通过通过XMODEM协议使用治理站为交换机更新软件.
软件安装的过程依靠你使用的modem软件.
　
1.你必须具有一台治理工作站(如一台PC机),并且可以通过console口治理交换机:
使用终端仿真程序(如win95的HyperTerminal)和RJ-45-to-RJ-45的连接电缆和适配器:
RJ-45-to-DB-9 female DTE 适配器(标记"Terminal")
RJ-45-to-DB-25 female DTE 适配器(标记"Terminal")
RJ-45-to-DB-25 male DCE 适配器(标记"Modem")
你可以使用win95的HyperTerminal(支持XMODEM协议).
2.以下是通过XMODEM协议更新软件的步骤:
1)打开交换机,交换机正常启动.
2)启动终端仿真程序,显示治理菜单.
3)从控制台显示RS-232 Interface 配置菜单,输入波特率(2400, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600), data bits=8, stop bits=1, parity=none
使用57600波特率安装软件大约花10分钟时间.
4)从RS-232 Interface菜单,选择[G]选项激活组设置用于console口.
5)治理站要匹配console口的设置.
6)进入Firmware配置菜单,选择[U]选项使用XMODEM协议去安装软件.
7)在提示符下,选择Y启动软件安装过程.

8)在菜单的系统信息区检查更新状态显示验证软件更新过程.
当软件更新完毕后,交换机大约有1分钟不响应命令,然后交换机重新启动并使用新的软件.
交换机虚拟网(Virtual LANs)的设置:
Catalyst 5000上实现VLAN划分及外部VLAN路由设置
分配VTP域(a VTP Domain)
将Cat5000加入域
指定中继端口(a Trunk)
Dynamic ISL
分配VLAN到端口
设置VLAN 20
配置Router

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注:存在三个VLAN,在VLAN之间通过Router做路由.
-----------------------------------------------------------------

分配VTP域
什么是VTP?
VTP是VLAN Trunk Protocol的简写,它提供每个设备 (router 或 LAN-switch)在中继端口(trunk ports)发送广播. 这些广播被发送到一个组播地址,并被所有相邻设备接收. 这些广播列出了发送设备的治理域,它的配置修订号,已知的VLAN, 及已知VLAN的确定参数.通过听这些广播,在相同治理域的所有设备都可以学习到在发送设备上配置的新的VLAN.使用这种方法,新的 VLAN只需要在治理域内的一台设备上建立和配置.信息会自动被相同治理域内的其它设备学到.

分配VTP域
首先分配VTP域名(a VTP domain name),在相同治理域内的交换机可以通过VTP协议互相学习VTP信息.


Cat5001> (enable) sho vtp domain
Domain Name Domain Index VTP Version Local Mode
-------------------------------- ------------ ----------- -----------
1 1 server

Advt Interval Vlan-count Max-vlan-storage Config Revision SNMP Traps
------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------- -----------
300 5 256 0 disabled

Last Updater
---------------
0.0.0.0
Cat5001> (enable)
Cat5001> (enable) set vtp domain cisco
VTP domain cisco modified
Cat5001> (enable) sho vtp domain
Domain Name Domain Index VTP Version Local Mode
-------------------------------- ------------ ----------- -----------
cisco 1 1 server

Advt Interval Vlan-count Max-vlan-storage Config Revision SNMP Traps
------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------- -----------
300 5 256 0 disabled

Last Updater
---------------
0.0.0.0
Cat5001> (enable)
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将Catalyst 5002加入域
需要将Catalyst 5002加入名为cisco的VTP治理域, 并设为VTP client,它将接收来自VTP server 的VTP配置及更新.

注重:Catalyst 5000系列交换机默认为VTP server.


cat5002> (enable)
cat5002> set vtp domain cisco mode client


指定中继端口(Trunk ports)
VLAN Trunk协议(VTP)只在中继口(ISL , LANE 和802.10)上传输,应在二个Catalyst5000

交换机间定义哪个口作为中继端口(Trunk port).

Inter-Switch Link (ISL) 中继用于Fast Ethernet和Gigabit Ethernet端口
IEEE 802.10中继用于FDDI/CDDI端口
LAN Emulation (LANE) 中继用于ATM 端口

Cat5001> (enable) set trunk 1/1 on
Port 1/1 mode set to on.
Cat5001> (enable)
Wed Jun 19 1996, 15:00:02 Port 1/1 has become trunk.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dynamic ISL
有了DISL(Dynamic ISL), 你不需要修改远端的Catalyst 5000;以下信息将显示在远端的Catalyst 5000.



Wed Jun 19 1996, 15:51:59 Port 1/2 has become trunk.

Cat5001> (enable) sho trunk
Port Mode Status
------- --------- ------------
1/1 on trunking
1/2 auto not-trunking
2/1-2 off not-trunking
5/1 auto not-trunking
5/2 auto not-trunking
5/3 auto not-trunking
5/4 auto not-trunking
5/5 auto not-trunking
5/6 auto not-trunking
5/7 auto not-trunking
5/8 auto not-trunking
5/9 auto not-trunking
5/10 auto not-trunking
5/11 auto not-trunking
5/12 auto not-trunking

Port Vlans allowed
------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1 1-1000
1/2 1-1000
2/1-2 1-1000
5/1 1-1000
5/2 1-1000
5/3 1-1000
5/4 1-1000
5/5 1-1000
5/6 1-1000
5/7 1-1000
5/8 1-1000
5/9 1-1000
5/10 1-1000
5/11 1-1000
5/12 1-1000

Port Vlans active
------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1/1 1
1/2 1
2/1-2 1
5/1 1
5/2 1
5/3 1
5/4 1
5/5 1
5/6 1
5/7 1
5/8 1
5/9 1
5/10 1
5/11 1
5/12 1


注重: DISL在Cisco IOS软件中不支持.
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分配VLAN到端口
Cat5001> (enable) set vlan 2 3/2-20
VLAN 2 modified.
VLAN 1 modified.
VLAN Mod/Ports
---- -----------------------
2 1/1
3/2-20


Cat5001> (enable) set vlan 20 5/1-6
VLAN 20 modified.
VLAN 1 modified.
VLAN Mod/Ports
---- -----------------------
20 1/1
5/1-6


Configure additional information for VLAN 20.

On the other Catalyst 5000 :


Cat5002> (enable) set vlan 2 4/1-2,5/6-12
VLAN 2 modified.
VLAN 1 modified.
VLAN Mod/Ports
---- -----------------------
2 1/2
4/1-3,4/5-23
5/6-12


Configure additional information for VLAN 20.


Cat5002> (enable) set vlan 20 5/1-5
VLAN 20 modified.
VLAN 1 modified.
VLAN Mod/Ports
---- -----------------------
20 1/2
5/1-5


Configure VLAN 20 on a VTP server.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

显示端口配置
Cat5001> (enable) show port
Port Name Status Vlan Level Duplex Speed Type
---- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ----- -----------
1/1 connected 1 normal half 100 100BaseTX
1/2 connected trunk normal half 100 100BaseTX
2/1 connecting 1 normal half 100 FDDI
2/2 connected 1 normal half 100 FDDI
4/1 inactive 2 normal half 10 10BaseT
4/2 inactive 2 normal half 10 10BaseT
4/3 inactive 2 normal half 10 10BaseT
4/4 notconnect 1 normal half 10 10BaseT
4/5 inactive 2 normal half 10 10BaseT
4/6
此时, VLAN 2 和VLAN 20 还未激活.所以在VLAN 2和VLAN 20的端口是inactive状态.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

设置VLAN 20
假如在网络里有VTP server和VTP clent,请在VTP server上设置VLAN 20


Cat5001> (enable) set vlan 20
VLAN 20 modified


这将激活在所有治理域cisco内的VLAN 20


Cat5001> (enable) sho vlan 20
VLAN Name Status Mod/Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------
20 VLAN0020 active 1/1
5/1-6


VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- ------ ------
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - 0 0

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配置Router
conf t
interface FastEthernet0/0.1 <-- you need to create a sub-interface by vlan.
encapsulation isl 20 <-- 20 is the vlan number.

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0.2
encapsulation isl 2
ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0.3
encapsulation isl 1
ip address 172.16.80.1 255.255.255.0

Router eigrp 666
network 1.0.0.0
network 2.0.0.0
network 172.16.80.0
end

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